高温下不同空气湿度对温室番茄花粉活力和坐果率的影响

为了解空气湿度对番茄花粉活力的影响,设置3个湿度处理,相对湿度(RH)分别为85%~90%(H处理)、65%~70%(M处理),以不加湿RH35%~40%(L处理)为对照。采用人工自然光照生长箱(长、宽、高分别为150、120、200 cm),在每天的高温时段(10:00-16:00)加湿。结果表明,在高温(32~35℃)条件下,对番茄2~4花穗的调查发现,与对照L处理相比,加湿H处理使花粉中的花粉量增加53%~135%,花粉活力提高64%~166%,花粉的萌发率也增加77%~132%,最终使番茄的坐果率提高34%~77%,且品种间表现一致。此外由于高温时间的持续及营养的消耗,第4花穗中的花粉量、花粉活力、花粉萌发分别只有第2花穗的48%~89%、53%~96%和72%~97%。加湿M处理也表现出一定的效果。

The Effect of Relative Humidity on Pollen Vigor and Fruit Setting Rate of Greenhouse Tomato under High Temperature Condition

In order to study the effects of different air humidity on the pollen vigor of tomato under high temperature,the experiments using two tomato varieties were carried out in a growth chamber(150 cm×120 cm×200 cm)with nature light.During the period of 10:00-16:00 each day,tomato plants were treated with relative humidity of 85%-90%(H),65%-70%(M) and 35%-40%(L,non-humidification as control) at temperature 32-35 ℃.From the observation of 2nd to 4th truss of tomato plants,the results showed that: compared with treatment L,the pollen number,pollen vigor and pollen germinating rate in treatment H were increased by 53%-135%,64%-166% and 77%-132%,respectively.The fruit set rate,for the average,increased by 34%-77%.The treatment M also showed some positive effect.The performance of two varieties was the same.In addition,with the time continuing of high temperature and the consumption of nutrition,the pollen number,pollen vigor and pollen germinating rate of the 4th truss were 48%-89%,53%-96% and 72%-97% that of 2nd truss,respectively.