少耕轮作小麦间作玉米的产量表现和水分利用效率

通过田间定位试验,研究少耕轮作和小麦秸秆覆盖方式对小麦间作玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,少耕轮作和留茬覆盖小麦间作玉米具有明显的增产和提高水分利用效率(WUE)的作用。一个轮作周期内,间作轮作中小麦籽粒产量较相应单作轮作提高43.98%～55.55%,玉米籽粒产量较相应单作轮作提高61.03%～69.98%,增产效果显著;间作轮作的耗水量及WUE较相应单作轮作分别增加42.07%～43.94%与11.54%～15.51%。与传统间作相比,少耕轮作留茬覆盖可显著提高产量、水分利用效率和降低间作的耗水量,25cm高等量秸秆覆盖免耕处理较其他间作处理产量与水分利用效率分别提高2.54%～10.97%与4.13%～15.69%,耗水量降低1.54%～4.09%。所以25cm高等量秸秆覆盖免耕处理为本试区减少水分无效损耗、提高WUE的可行模式,是试区内较适宜采取的耕作措施。

Performance of Yield and WUE in Wheat-Maize Intercropping and Rotation under Reduced Tillage

Field experiment was carried out in a typical Oasis areas of Hexi Corridor, in order to investigate the effects of conservation tillage and stubble mulch on yields and WUE (water use efficiency) of wheat-maize intercropping. The results showed that wheat-maize intercropping with reduced tillage and stubble mulch could significantly increase yields and WUE of wheat and maize. In a annual rotation system, compared with mono-cropping under rotation, yield of wheat and maize in wheat-maize intercropping with rotation significantly increased by 43.98%-55.55% and 61.03%-69.98% respectively; water consumption and water use efficiency in wheat-maize intercropping with rotation significantly increased by 42.07%-43.94% and 11.54%-15.51% respectively, compared with conventional tillage intercropping systems. Wheat-maize intercropping with rotation under reduced tillage and stubble mulch could significantly increased yield and water use efficiency, decreased water consumption. Compared with other intercropping systems, grain yield and water use efficiency of 25 cm no-tillage and straw covering significantly increased by 2.54%-10.97% and 4.13%-15.69% respectively, and water consumption of 25 cm no-tillage and straw covering significantly decreased by 1.54%-4.09%. It was suggested that 25 cm no-tillage and straw covering was the most optimal treatment in terms of yield performance and water use efficiency.