有机肥料的磷素组成及供磷能力评价

选用 3类 8种有机肥料 ,在研究其磷素构成的基础上 ,采用盆栽生物试验 ,对不同有机肥料的供磷能力进行了研究。结果表明 ,粪肥和秸秆类中以无机磷为主 ,绿肥中以有机磷为主。有机肥中的有机磷 ,其组成主体为中稳性和中等活性有机磷 ,活性有机磷占有机磷总量一般都在 1 0 %以下 ;高稳性有机磷在秸秆和绿肥中含量甚少 ,未超过 4% ,在粪肥中相对较高 ,有的可达 2 0 %。高 C/P比的秸秆类 ,在施用当季供磷能力最差 ,导致小麦生物学产量比对照低 ,其供磷效果在第 2季表现明显 ;而 C/P比小的粪肥和鲜嫩绿肥 ,其供磷效果在第 1季表现最明显 ,第 2、3季供磷能力下降。秸秆类处理 ,磷累计利用率明显低于化学磷肥 ,而粪肥和绿肥处理 ,磷累计利用率与化学磷肥相当 ,有些还略高于化学磷肥。

A Evaluation on the Phosphorus Component of Organic Materials and Its Phosphorus Supply Capacity

In this paper, eight organic materials belonging to three groups (straw, green manure and manure) were selected, on the basis of analysis of P component, pot experiment was used for studying the P supply capacity of different kinds of organic materials. The results showed that inorganic P was the main proporation in manure and straw, while organic P was one major in green manure. Organic P in organic materials mainly consisted of moderally labile and moderately resistant O.P .The proportion of labile O.P to total organic P was generally 10% of below. Highly resistant O. P was very low in straw and green manure and did not exceed 4% ,but it was a little high in manure ,which reached 20% in sheep manure. Straw with high C/P ratio had the lowest P supply capacity in the present season of application, which lead to the reduction of wheat biomass production. Its effect of P supply was significant in the second planting, but the effect of P supply of manure and young green manure was significant in the present season of application, and was decreased in the second and third planting . The total phosphorus utlization ratio of straw was lower than that of chemical phosphate fertilizer, but for manure and green manure, it was the same level as the chemical phosphate fertilizer.