基于RS与GIS唐山海岸带地区近50年土地利用格局时空特征分析

以唐山市海岸带地区为研究对象，以1956年、1970年地形图，1987年、2000年和2005年TM遥感影像为数据源，运用RS与GIS技术对研究区土地利用格局进行目视解译，得到精度较高的5个时期土地利用数据。据此，分析研究区过去50 a的土地利用/土地覆被变化时空特征。结果表明，过去50 a间，唐山市海岸带地区的土地利用结构发生显著性变化，土地利用结构由早期的其他土地和农业用地为主体向末期的以农业用地和建设用地为主体转变。土地利用程度显著提高，土地利用综合指数由1956年的185.81提高到2005年的320.63。早期土地利用类型变化速率高于后期，土地利用类型变化速率存在放慢趋势，土地资源外延开发潜力释放殆尽。

Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Land Use Pattern in Tangshan Coastal Zone from 1956 to 2005 Based on RS and GIS

This paper took Tangshan coastal zone as the study area and collected the land use data from topographic maps in 1956 and 1970, and TM remote sensing images of RS and GIS in 1987, 2000 and 2005. High accurate land use data of five different periods was obtained by visual interpretation. Therefore, the paper analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of the study area in the past 50 years. The results showed that the land use structure of Tangshan coastal zone changed significantly in the past 50 years, from the main land use types of agriculture and others in early periods to the main land use types of agriculture and construction in late period. Land use degree obviously enhanced and land use synthetical index increased from 185.81 of 1956 to 320.63 of 2005. The rate of land use in early periods changed faster than in late periods, and the changing speed of land use type slowed down. The potentiality of land resources extension exploitation was nearly exhausted.