阿克苏地区骏枣落果规律及其保果措施

以阿克苏地区红枣主栽品种骏枣为材料，研究在枣果不同生长发育阶段采取喷施矿物质营养、喷施外源激素和疏花疏果3种保果措施对骏枣落果率的影响。结果表明：骏枣生理落果有两个高峰期，分别出现在幼果期和果实成熟期，果实成熟期落果率明显高于其他枣果生长发育期；幼果期落果是骏枣产量形成的关键时期，有必要采取适当的保果措施防止落果；不同保果措施从不同程度上降低落果率，尿素(w=0.5%)在枣果整个生长期可以减缓落果发生，w=0.3%硼肥、30 mg/L的赤霉素和30 mg/L的萘乙酸可以有效防止幼果期落果，疏花疏果措施可以大幅减轻落果的发生，但不实用。针对枣落果规律，枣果生长发育前期可以采取促进坐果措施，而中后期应采用有效保果方法。

Fruit Drop Law and Retention Measures of Jun-jujuba in Aksu Region

The main cultivar jun-jujuba trees in Aksu Xinjiang was selected as material to study the difference of fruit drop under the 3 different fruit retention treatments of mineral nutrition spraying, exogenous hormone spraying and blossom and fruit thinning during different Jun-jujuba development stages. The results showed that the physiological fruit drop of Jun-jujuba had two peaks, appeared respectively in young fruit period and fruit expanding process;the fruit drop rate during fruit expanding process was obviously higher than in the other jujuba fruit growth and development period;fruit drop in young fruit period was the key period of yield formation, thus it was necessary to take appropriate measures to prevent the fruit drop; different fruit retention measures reduced fruit drop rate to some extent. w=0.5% urea reduced fruit drop during the whole fruit growing period;w=0.3% boric fertilizer, 30 mg/L gibberellins and 30 mg/L naphthylacetic acid all effectively prevented fruit drop in young fruit period;thinning blossom and fruit greatly reduced the occurrence of fruit drop but this treatment was unpractical. According to the law of jujuba fruit drop, promoting fruit-set measures should be taken at the early growth stage and effective retention measures should be adopted in the mid-late growth stage.