不同培肥方式对旱作区耕地土壤的影响

为了快速提升宁夏中部干旱区耕地土壤质量，促进旱作区耕地的可持续利用，采用BIOLOG 技术与田间试验相结合的方法，研究不同培肥方式对旱作区新推农田土壤的影响。结果表明：化肥配施有机肥对土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、土壤全氮、全磷、速效磷、速效钾及有机质均有一定影响。其中，化肥配施牛粪显著提高土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶的活性；土壤全氮含量显著提高、土壤呼吸强度增加。化肥配施生物有机肥显著提高土壤有机质含量。化肥配施黄腐酸钾显著提高土壤碱解氮、全磷、速效磷、速效钾含量。有机、无机配施与单施化肥处理间土壤微生物碳源利用能力存在明显不同。化肥配施牛粪处理土壤微生物对氨基酸类碳源有较强的利用能力。化肥配施黄腐酸钾提高土壤微生物对羧酸类化合物、多聚化合物、碳水化合物、芳香化合物及胺类化合物的利用能力。不同培肥方式下土壤微生物功能多样性主要受到土壤pH、碱解氮、全氮和土壤有机质的影响。有机、无机相结合的培肥方式能更好地提升土壤品质。

Effects of Different Fertilizer Management on Soil in the Arid Region

In order to improve the soil quality and enhance the sustainable usage of the land in Ningxia central arid region, the article studied the effects of different fertilizer management on soil by using the BIOLOG-ECO technology combined with a field experiment in the middle arid region of Ningxia. The results showed that the treatment of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer had a certain effect on the activities of soil urease, alkaline phosphatase, as well as the contents of the soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium and the soil organic matter. The activities of the soil urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase were significantly increased under the condition of the chemical fertilizer with cow dung, the content of soil total nitrogen significantly increased and the soil basic respiration intensity also increased. It also showed the content of the soil organic matter was significantly increased in the treatment of chemical fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer, the contents of available nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium were enhanced when using chemical fertilizer with potassium humate. There was a great difference in the ability of carbon resource utilization of soil microorganism between the treatments of chemical fertilizer with organic/inorganic fertilizer. The soil microorganisms had a strong ability in using amino-acids carbon resource especially in the treatment of chemical fertilizer with cow dung. And the utilization ability of the other several kinds of carbon resources were also increased owning to the change of soil microorganism in the treatment of chemical fertilizer with potassium humate, compared with other treatments. The functional diversity of the soil microorganism was mainly influenced by soil pH, the content of total N, available N and the SOM in different fertility maintaining practice. So, we draw a conclusion that the soil quality was greatly improved by the manner of organic and inorganic fertilizer.