宁南山区冬小麦覆膜补灌试验研究

针对宁南山区干旱少雨，冬小麦生育期内水分供需矛盾突出的气候特点，研究了地膜覆盖与不同时期补充灌溉条件下冬小麦耗水规律、生长发育生物和产量变化。结果表明：当灌溉定额相同时，不同时期补充灌溉的灌溉水利用率和边际产量排列次序为：冬灌〉孕穗灌〉开花灌，三者的增产率分别为１７．４％～２７．２％，１１．２％～１４．３％和２．０％～６．７％；地膜覆盖可使冬小麦生育期缩短４～８ｄ，越冬期冻死株率下降３．９１％～１

Effect of Plastic Mulch and Supplementary Irrigation on Winter Wheat in Southern Ningxia

In accordance with the climate condition that rainfall is very limited and there is a remarkable contradiction between water requirement and supply during the growing period of winter wheat in Southern Ningxia,an experiment has been conducted to discover its water use patterns,growing characteristics and yield variations under the condition of plastic mulching and supplementary irrigation during different growth stages.The results indicated that when irrigation amount is fixed,water utilization ratio and marginal yield of supplementary irrigation during different growth stages can be put in order as:wintering irrigation>spike-forming irrigation>florescence irrigation,with the yield increase ratio of 17.4%~27.2%,11.2%~14.3% and 2.0%~6.7% respectively.By using plastic mulch,the growth duration period of wheat can be shortened by 4 d~8d,while winter killing ratio being lowered by 3.91%~ 13.90%,yield being increased by 10.5%~25.3%,and water use efficiency being raised by 0.80 kg/hm²·mm~2.40kg/hm²·mm.By combining the two measurements of mulch and irrigation, an additive effect may appear to the yield increase of winter wheat.