42份鲜食玉米品种对丝黑穗病和瘤黑粉病的抗性

为明确鲜食玉米品种对由丝孢堆黑粉菌(Sporisorium reilianum)引起的玉米丝黑穗病和玉蜀黍黑粉菌(Ustilago maydis)引起的玉米瘤黑粉病的抗性差异,于2019年通过人工接种对42份鲜食玉米进行田间抗性鉴定。对丝黑穗病的鉴定结果表明,在42份鲜食玉米品种中,未发现高抗材料;‘盛甜糯9号’和‘三禾甜加糯6号’表现抗病;‘盛彩甜3号’‘福王9号’和‘脆甜1号’3份材料表现中抗;16份材料表现感病;21份材料表现高感。对瘤黑粉病的鉴定结果表明,3份材料表现高抗,分别为‘脆甜168’‘金陇12’和‘原玉黄糯1168’;‘盛甜糯10号’和‘陇糯2号’表现中抗;9份材料表现感病;28份材料表现高感。参试材料中未发现同时兼抗丝黑穗病和瘤黑粉病的品种,由此说明,在鲜食玉米上,对黑粉类病害的抗性品种较为匮乏,需进一步加强抗性材料的筛选利用,并加快多抗组合的选育。

Resistance of 42 Fresh-eating Maize Varieties to Sporisorium reilianum and Ustilago Maydis

Aiming at confirming the resistance differences of fresh-eating maize varieties to head smut caused by Sporisorium reilianum and common smut caused by Utilago maydis. 42 fresh-eating maize varieties were identified by artificial inoculation method under field condition in 2019.The evaluation results of resistance to head smut indicated that there were no high-resistance materials in 42 fresh-eating maize varieties; ''Shengtiannuo 9'' and ''Sanhetianjianuo 6'' showed resistance;''Shengcaitian 3'' ''Fuwang 9'' and ''Cuitian 1'' showed medium resistance; 16 materials showed susceptibility; 21 materials showed high sensitivity. The evaluation results of resistance to common smut showed that among 42 fresh-eating maize varieties, 3 materials including ''Cuitian 168''Jinlong 12'' and ''Yuanyuhuangnuo1168'' showed high resistance; ''Shengtiannuo 10'' and ''Longnuo 2'' showed medium resistance; 9 materials showed susceptibility; 28 materials showed high sensitivity. The varieties resistant to head smut and common smut were not found in the tested materials, which showed that the varieties of fresh-eating maize resistant to black powder diseases were relatively scarce, the screening and utilization of resistant materials needed to be further strengthened, and the breeding of multi-antibody combinations needed to be accelerated.