沼肥不同用量对小麦光合特性和产量的影响

在大田条件下用沼肥作基肥,通过6个不同施用量观测其对小麦不同时期叶片光合特性和产量的影响,结果表明:施用沼肥,能有效地提高小麦叶片的叶绿素含量(Chl)、光合速率(Pn)、叶片水分利用效率(WUE)和产量;在22500 kg/hm2施肥水平下,小区产量、单位面积穗数、千粒重最高;在30000 kg/hm2施肥水平下的光合速率、蒸腾速率、拔节期叶绿素含量最高。在37500 kg/hm2施肥水平下的株高、穗下节长、穗粒数明显高于对照;基肥施用沼肥的各处理小麦产量比对照提高了12.4%~26.14%,沼肥施用量在0~30000 kg/hm2范围内叶绿素含量、叶片光合速率、产量随着施肥量的增加而提高,但过量的施用沼肥会抑制叶绿素的合成、降低光合速率。沼肥在麦田作基肥的最佳施肥量应在22500~30000 kg/hm2左右。

Effects of Different Amount of Applied Biogas Fermentation Residues on Photosynthesis Characteristic and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat

This paper takes a research on the mechanism of the effects of biogas fertilizer on photosynthetic performance and grain yield of wheat;Under the field experiment,biogas fertilizer as base fertilizer,effects of 6 different application amount on leaf photosynthetic characteristic,agronomic characters and grain yield of wheat was observed.The results showed that:biogas fertilizer application to wheat can effectively increase chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate,water use efficiency in winter wheat leaves and the yield;Under the 6 levels of fertilizing,the treatment of 22 500 kg/hm² had the best unit area yield,spike number and 1 000 grain weight.The Pn,Tr,Chl of jointing stage is the highest,when the treatment 30 000 kg/hm² is offered;plant height,stem length under spike and grain number per spike of the treatment of 37 500 kg/hm² was much higher than that of control gro up.The yield of each treated with biogas fertilizer were higher on the average 12.4%-26.14% than the control,within the range of 0-30 000 kg/hm² of biogas fertilizer application,the content of the chlorophyll,leaf photosynthesis rate and yield increase with the rise of the amount of biogasfertilapplied increased.However,the excessive amount of biogas fertilizer inhibited synthesis of chlorop hyll and decreased p hoto synthetic rate.The recommended apply amount is 22 500-30 000 kg/hm².