EMS诱变对不同基因型胡麻种子萌发及M3农艺性状和品质性状的影响

以5个不同基因型胡麻品种为供试材料，用甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）作诱变剂，设置5个诱变浓度和4个处理时间，探讨EMS诱变对不同基因型胡麻品种的诱变效应。结果表明，在不同品种间，尤其在不同颜色籽粒的品种间，EMS诱变对种子发芽率、田间相对出苗率的影响存在显著差异。EMS诱变对M3农艺和品质性状的诱变效应有正有负，不同品种和不同处理间存在差异。利用线性回归方程计算最佳EMS诱变条件，统计M3代不同处理品质性状高于对照的突变株数的比例，综合得到不同籽粒颜色胡麻品种的最佳诱变条件：褐色籽粒胡麻品种为（0.6%，4 h或2 h），浅黄色籽粒品种为（0.3%，4 h）。通过EMS诱变创制高粗脂肪材料155份、高木酚素含量材料45份、高亚麻酸含量的材料26份，为胡麻品种品质改良提供了新的优异资源。

Effects of EMS Mutagenesis on Seed Germination of M0 Generation, Agronomic and Quality Traits of M3 Generation in Five Flax Varieties

Ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS) was used as mutagenesis agent, five concentrations and 4 treatment times were set up to study the mutagenesis effect of EMS on five flax genotypes varieties. The results showed the effect of EMS mutagenesis on seed germination rate and field relative seedling emergence rate among different varieties was significant differences,especially among varieties with different seed color. The results showed that EMS mutagenesis had positive and negative effect on M3 agronomic and quality traits, there were differences among different varieties and treatments. The linear regression equation was used to calculate the optimal EMS mutagenesis conditions, and to count the proportion of mutant plants with different quality traits which was higher than the control in M3 generation,and then optimal EMS mutagenesis condition for varieties of different flax seed colors was obtained as brown seed flax seed varieties (0.6%, 4 h or 2 h), light yellow seed varieties (0.3%, 4 h). In this study, 155 materials with high oil content, 45 materials with high lignan content and 26 materials with high linolenic acid content were created by EMS mutagenesis, which provided new excellent germplasm resources for flax quality improvement.