玉米主要数量性状对单株产量的效应

通过相关和通径分析,对宁夏种植和自育的60个杂交种(组合)的9个主要性状与单株产量间的关系进行研究.结果表明,各数量性状的变异范围均较大；穗粗、百粒质量、穗长、穗行数和穗位高与单株产量的相关系数达到显著水平；通过通径分析得出,单株产量与其相关性状的直接效应由大到小依次为百粒质量＞行粒数＞穗行数＞穗粗＞穗长＞穗位高＞株高＞茎粗＞秃尖长,确定百粒质量是影响宁夏玉米单株产量的主要因素,其次是行粒数和穗行数.宁夏高产稳产玉米品种应注重选择百粒质量高、行粒数多和穗行数多的品种,同时要求适宜的株高、穗位高和茎粗.

Effects of Main Quantitative Traits on Individual Yield of Maize

The relationship between individual yield and nine main quantitative traits were studied on sixty maize(Zea mays L.) hybrids or combinations by correlation and path analysis in Ningxia.The results showed that all main quantitative traits had wide variations;ear diameter,100 grain mass,ear length,row number per ear and ear height were positively and significantly related with individual yield;The results of path analysis indicated that the values of direct path coefficient between individual yield and main quantitative traits were ranked as follows:100 grain mass>grains per row>row number per ear>ear diameter>ear length>ear height>plant height>stalk diameter>barren tip length,and that the first factor for individual yield of maize in Ningxia was influenced by 100 grain mass,next by grains per row and row number per ear.Breeding high and steady yield varieties in Ningxia should pay more attention to breed high 100 grain mass,high grains per row,high row number per ear,favorable plant height,suitable ear height and stalk diameter.