镰形棘豆化学成分预试及生物碱成分薄层色谱分析

采用植物化学成分系统预试法、生物碱系统提取法和薄层色谱技术对镰形棘豆地上部分全草的化学成分,特别是生物碱成分进行了薄层色谱分析。结果表明,镰形棘豆地上部分全草中含有生物碱、有机酸、皂甙、黄酮、香豆素、萜类和挥发油等多种化学成分,其中以生物碱沉淀反应最明显;1.50 kg镰形棘豆经95%乙醇回流提取得总浸膏198.10 g,经酸化、碱化所得碱水液依次用氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇分段萃取,得生物碱氯仿萃取部分0.72 g,乙酸乙酯萃取部分0.97 g,正丁醇萃取部分26.70 g,分别占总生物碱的2.54%、3.42%、94.04%,说明镰形棘豆生物碱主要集中在正丁醇萃取部分以大极性生物碱为主;各部分生物碱经薄层层析分析,发现镰形棘豆中生物碱的种类至少有24种,经与标准样品对照,证明镰形棘豆所含的生物碱主要以苦马豆素及其类似物等吲哚里西啶生物碱为主,同时也含有少量的黄华碱和臭豆碱等喹诺里西啶生物碱。

Preliminary Chemical Test of Oxytropis falcate Bunge and Alkaloids Analysis by TLC

Using chemical preliminary systematic test,alkaloids systematic extract method and TLC to detected the chemical components of the aboveground parts of O.falcate Bunge.Alkaloid constituent was tested by TLC. The results showed that the aboveground parts of O.falcate Bunge contained amounts of chemical components,such as alkaloids,organic acids,saponins,flavones,coumanns,terpenes and aetherolea.The alkaloids precipitation for the extraction was significant.1.5 kg plant materials heated reflux with 95% ethanol, the ethanol collection was concentrated to dryness,yield extractum 198.10 g.The extractum was dissolved in acid and adjusted to alkalinity,and then seriatim extracted by chloroform,acetoacetate and n-butanol.Three extractums were concentrated to dryness,obtained extractum 0.71 g,0.97 g and 26.70 g,account 2.54 %,3.42 % and 94.0 % of total extractum,indicated that the alkaloids of O.falcate mainly localize in n-butanol aliquot in which was macro-alkaloids.Each extracted fractions was detected by TLC,it showed 24 kinds of alkaloids spots at least.Each extracted fraction compared with authentic sample,confirmed that the mainly alkaloids were swainsonine and it analog indolizidine,while contained small amount of ermopsine and anagyrine which belong to quinolizidine in O.falcate Bunge.