大花金挖耳茎叶甲醇提取物杀菌活性初步研究

采用生长速率法、孢子萌发法和果实针刺法对大花金挖耳茎叶甲醇提取物的4种溶剂萃取物杀菌活性进行较为系统地测试,并用试管法和圆形滤纸层析法对其化学成分进行预试。结果表明,4种溶剂萃取物对供试病原真菌孢子萌发及菌丝生长均具一定抑制作用,其中氯仿萃取物活性最高,在1000 mg/L剂量下对番茄灰霉病菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长抑制率分别为88.6%和90.1%;果实针刺法测试结果表明,大花金挖耳茎叶甲醇粗提物的4种溶剂萃取物对番茄灰霉病均有一定的保护作用和治疗作用,但治疗效果低于保护效果,在2000 mg/L剂量下,氯仿萃取物对番茄灰霉病菌保护防效为78.9%,和对照药剂扑海因1000 mg/L剂量处理防效（82.8%）相当;氯仿萃取物对番茄灰霉病菌治疗作用最高,防效为45.1%,但低于对照药剂扑海因的防效（54.2%）,其他3种萃取物对其治疗作用均不高。化学成分预试结果表明,大花金挖耳茎叶含有香豆素、酚性成分、甾体、萜类、黄酮及其苷类、多糖及苷类、氨基酸、多肽和蛋白质以及挥发油、油脂类等。

Study on the Fungicidal Activity of Methanol Extract from Stems and Leaves of Carpesium macrocephalum

The inhibitory effect of C. macrocephalum stems and leaves on Fusarium graminearum and Bipolaris maydis was evaluated by the methods of mycelial growth rate and spore germination. The results showed that C. macrocephalum stems and leaves had effect on mycelial growth of the five fungal species, The effect of chloroform extracts is the best. At the concentrations of 1000mg/L, the inhibition rates of spore germination were 88.6 ~/00 and 90.1% for Botrytis cirerea Pers. et Tris. At the concentrations of 2000 mg/L, the C. macrocephalum stems and leaves had strong protective effect and therapeutic effect to Botrytis cirerea. The effect of protective is better than therapeutic, the efficience of protective chloroform extract were 78.9 % , the efficience of therapeutic chloroform extract were 45.1%. The components of Carpesium macrocephalum stems and leaves were preliminarily examined by test of subentry extracting in cuvette and test of thin layer chromatography on round paper. The results show that C. macrocephalurn stems and leaves contained tannic acids, coumarin, phenols, steroidal ,terpenoids, flavone , carbohydrates, amino acids, polypeptide, protein, volatile oils and oils and fats.