基于表型性状和生化成分的陕西茶树种质资源遗传多样性研究

基于表型性状和生化成分对陕西茶树种质资源遗传多样性进行研究,以期为优异茶树种质资源选育提供信息和科学依据,并加快利用和丰富陕西茶树种质资源种类。利用统计分析、主成分分析和聚类分析方法,对陕西茶树种质资源表型性状和生化成分遗传多样性进行研究,并评价其遗传多样性。陕西茶树种质资源表型性状变异较丰富,不同表型性状变异系数和遗传多样性指数差异较大,变异系数为19.88%～55.96%,平均变异系数31.84%,遗传多样性指数为0.691 8～2.003 0,平均遗传多样性指数1.105 9;陕西茶树种质资源内含物质成分较丰富,基于生化成分的变异系数为10.89%～30.03%,平均变异系数21.78%,遗传多样性指数为1.770 1～2.049 2,平均遗传多样性指数1.890 0;基于表型性状和生化成分的聚类分析结果不一致,表明聚类分析结果与茶树种质资源表型性状、生化成分、DNA分子的遗传多样性和地域分布关系密切,单一依据表型性状或生化成分进行茶树种质资源聚类分析具有一定的局限性。研究结果表明,陕西茶树种质资源遗传多样性较丰富,优异资源筛选潜力较大,具有独特地域性,但属于江北茶区的陕南茶树种质资源遗传多样性丰富程度稍低于南方茶区的四川、广西、贵州等地。基于生化成分初步筛选出高水浸出物(50%)茶树种质资源3份,高茶多酚(20%)茶树种质资源4份,高氨基酸(3%)茶树种质资源4份,低咖啡碱(1.6%)茶树种质资源4份。

Genetic Diversity in Phenotypic Traits and Biochemical Components of Tea Germplasm Resources in Shaanxi

In order to accelerate the utilization and enrich the tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi, so as to provid basic germplasm resources and scientific basis for excellent tea germplasm resources,the genetic diversity in phenotypic traits and biochemical components of the tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi were studied in this paper. For identifying and evaluating the genetic diversity of the tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi,the phenotypic traits and the biochemical components diversity index were analyzed by methods of the statistical analysis,the principal compoent analysis and the clustering analysis.The variation of the phenotypic traits of tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi was plenty,the variation coefficient and genetic diversity index in different phenotypic traits were great difference,the variation coefficient was between 19.88%-55.96%,and the average variation coefficient was 31.84%,the diversity index was between 0.691 8-2.003 0,and the average diversity index was 1.105 9;the biochemical components of tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi were abundant,the variation coefficient was between 10.89%-30.03%,and the average variation coefficient was 21.78%,the diversity index was between 1.770 1-2.049 2,and the average diversity index was 1.890 0;the results showed that the cluster analysis based on the phenotypic traits and the biochemical components were inconsistent,and the cluster analysis results were closely related to the diversity of the phenotypic traits,the biochemical components,the DNA molecule and the geographical distribution,so there were some limitations in the cluster analysis of the tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi based on the phenotypic traits or the biochemical components.The results showed that the geographical distribution of the tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi was individual, and Shaanxi had high genetic diversity and the breeding potential for excellent tea germplasm resources,but the genetic diversity of the tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi belonged to Jiangbei tea area, and was lower than the genetic diversity of the tea germplasm resources in Sichuan,Guangxi,Guizhou and other places in the tea area of Southern China ,and we screened preliminaryly 3 tea germplasm resources with high water extract content(>50%),4 tea germplasm resources with high tea polyphenols content(>20%),4 tea germplasm resources with high amino acid content(>3%),3 tea germplasm resources with low caffeine content(<1.6%).