旱地不同基因型冬小麦光合特性与产量的研究

以晋麦47为对照,选用HM 385、西农6082、旱丰115、普冰476和西农418等不同基因型旱地冬小麦为材料,通过测定小麦旗叶净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2体积分数(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和SPAD值等植物生理指标,比较不同基因型小麦光合生理指标和产量及产量构成因素的差异,分析旱地条件下Pn与产量及产量构成因素的相关性。结果表明,HM 385在3个生育时期的旗叶平均Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr、SPAD值均最高,分别较对照高8.7%、21.8%、6.6%、6.7%和15.2%,其次是西农418,而西农6082、旱丰115和普冰476表现一般;各基因型小麦产量表现为:HM 385对照西农418西农6082普冰476旱丰115,5个基因型小麦产量均与对照有显著差异(P0.05);旱地冬小麦开花期Pn与小麦产量相关性(r=0.709)达极显著水平。可见,HM 385具有较高的光能利用率,可以作为旱地条件下优良品种的种质资源;在旱地冬小麦高产品种的选用中,小麦开花期旗叶的Pn可作为重要参考指标。

Research on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Different Genetic Winter Wheat Genetypes in Dry Land

To provide theoretical basis for selecting high-yielding wheat varieties suitable for the dry land, six winter wheat genotypes were used as materials to determine the variation of photosynthetic characteristics, and to analyze the relationships between photosynthetic rate (P_n), yield and yield components at heading, flowering and grain filling stages through measuring P_n, stomatal conductance (G_s), intercellular CO₂ volume fraction (C_i), transpiration rate (T_r) and chlorophyll relative content (SPAD-value) of flag leaf. The results showed that at three growth stages, HM 385 variety were the highest average value of P_n, G_s, C_i, T_r and SPAD- than other four winter wheat genotypes, with 8.7%, 21.8%, 6.6%, 6.7% and 15.2% higher than Jinmai 47(the control), followed by Xinong 418, while the performance of Xinong 6082, Hanfeng 115 and Pubing 476 were ordinary. In descending order by grain yield weight, wheat varieties were HM 385, Jinmai 47, Xinong 418, Xinong 6082, Pubing 476 and Hanfeng 115. Under the dry conditions, P_n was significantly positive correlated with grain yield at the flowering stage (r=0.709). HM 385 variety is a germplasm to develop good varieties suitable for dry land because of its higher solar energy use efficiency. P_n value at the flowering stage can be used as a key reference for selecting high-yieldingwinter wheat varieties under the dry conditions.