小麦玉米畦垄间作空间格局及节水机理

通过微型蒸渗器结合TDR土壤水分测定仪及作物生理生态指标常规方法测定小麦玉米畦垄间作不同空间格局条件下小麦玉米群体产量效应、耗水规律、水分利用效率及干物质积累分配规律,并结合气象数据比较不同间作模式的优越性,分析不同间作方式及灌溉措施对产量、生长动态、灌溉水及降水利用的影响。研究结果表明:小麦玉米畦垄间作模式利用畦灌与垄作沟灌的特点,将畦灌小麦与垄作沟灌玉米相结合形成新型间作模式,在适宜的间作格局(即处理W7M)下,小麦-玉米的群体产量较传统间作提高1.16%,节水9.85%,经济效益较传统间作、小麦单作、玉米单作分别提高1.23%、43.46%和8.17%。与传统间作相比,畦垄间作在相同灌水量水平下,能有效降低棵间无效蒸发损失,提高作物产量和水分利用效率,是一种经济可行的节水方法。

Spatial Pattern and Water-saving Mechanism of Wheat and Maize under the Condition of Strip-ridge Intercropping

Under the condition of different spatial patterns and strip-ridge intercropping on wheat and maize, an experiment was conducted to determine the group production effect, water consumption, water use efficiency and dry matter accumulation distribution. TDR soil moisture measuring, micro-lysimeter and conventional method for determining crop physiological ecology indexes were used to measure the application effect and compare the advantage of different spatial pattern treatments. Meteorological materials and other auxiliary data were also used to analyze the effects of different spatial pattern treatments and irrigation practices on usage of soil water, rainfall, growth dynamic and yield increase benefit. The study showed that the combination of border irrigation and ridge tillage furrow irrigation formed a new intercropping mode-wheat and corn strip-ridge intercropping mode. Under appropriate intercrop pattern (namely processing W7M), wheat and corn group production increased by 1.16%, saving water 9.85% compared with traditional intercropping. Its economic benefit increased by 1.23%, 43.46% and 8.17% compared with traditional intercropping, wheat monoculture, maize monoculture. Compared with the traditional intercropping, strip intercropping ridge can effectively reduce soil evaporation loss, increase crop yield and water use efficiency in the same level of irrigation water and it is a kind of economical and feasible method of water saving.