灌水次数对春小麦耗水特性及产量的影响

选用春小麦品种宁春50号为试验材料,通过3个节水处理研究灌水次数对春小麦耗水特性及产量的影响。结果表明:灌1水的W1处理可显著增加0~120cm同层土壤贮水的利用,尤其增加60~100cm深层同层土壤贮水的利用;而随着灌水的增加,春小麦深层同层土壤贮水及0~120cm同层土壤贮水的利用率随之降低。随着灌水次数的增加,总的耗水量增加,春小麦拔节至开花期的耗水量降低,但春小麦开花至成熟期的耗水量增加。春小麦灌水次数过少的W1处理抽穗期叶面积系数、旗叶叶绿素含量、旗叶叶面积明显高于其他处理,但春小麦开花以后的叶面积系数、旗叶叶绿素含量、旗叶叶面积随灌水次数增加明显增加;生育后期灌水有利于提高抽穗后的干物质积累量,灌水次数过少的W1处理不利于春小麦开花后的干物质积累。增加灌水次数,可提高灌溉水的利用比例,降低土壤贮水的利用比例,增加春小麦籽粒产量和收获指数,但春小麦灌水利用效率明显降低;灌水次数较多的处理春小麦水分利用效率明显降低,生育后期物质向籽粒转移量增加,灌水次数过少的W1处理春小麦穗数、穗粒数明显降低。综合考虑春小麦籽粒产量、水分利用效率、灌水利用效率、物质生产等因子,确定灌二棱水+拔节水2水的处理是春小麦获得高产和高水分利用效率的最佳灌水模式。

Effect of Irrigation Times on Water Consumption Characteristics and Grain Yield in Spring Wheat

We studied the influence of irrigation times on water consumption characteristics and grain yield using spring wheat cultivar Ningchun 50 under three irrigation water saving treatments. The results showed that the treatment (W1) of one time irrigation significantly increased the water usage of 0-120 cm soil layer, especially increased water usage of 60-100 cm soil layer. With the increase of irrigation times, the water utilization of 60-100 cm soil layer and 0-120 cm soil layer were decreased. Increasing irrigation times, which increased the total water consumption amount, reduced water consumption of spring wheat from jointing to anthesis, but increased water consumption of spring wheat from anthesis to mature. The leaf area index, flag leaf chlorophyll, flag leaf area of treatment W1 were significantly higher than those of treatment W2 and W3 during heading stage, but they were significantly increased by increasing of irrigation times after anthesis; increasing irrigation times during late growth stage improved dry matter accumulation amount after heading stage. The treatment W1 was adverse to the dry matter accumulation amount after anthesis. Increasing irrigation times, which improved the proportion of irrigation water utilization increased grain yield harvest index, but reduced the proportion of soil water storage utilization and irrigation WUE in spring wheat. The treatment W3 significantly reduced WUE, and increased the dry matter translocation to the grain during late growth stage in spring wheat. The treatment W1 significantly reduced the spike number, grains per spike of spring wheat. Based on comprehensive consideration of grain yield, water use efficiency, irrigation water use efficiency and material production factor of spring wheat, the treatment W2, which irrigated at double ridge stage and jointing stage, was the best irrigation model that obtained high yield and high water use efficiency.