云南景洪市普洱古茶树茶叶生化指标分析与特异资源筛选

为使古茶树优异特异种质资源得到更好的保护和利用,以云南景洪市20个代表茶区的50份古茶树(普洱茶C.sinnensis var.assamica)为研究材料,取其春梢一芽二叶做蒸青固样,进行生化成分(氨基酸、茶多酚、咖啡碱、水浸出物)质量分数测定。根据4项常规指标分析,对50份资源进行鉴定评价,筛选出优异特异性资源。结果表明,主要生化成分质量分数分别为茶多酚29.02%~44.02%、氨基酸1.95%~5.20%、咖啡碱2.37%~5.17%、水浸出物42.82%~62.85%。变异系数分别为茶多酚10.97、氨基酸21.15、咖啡碱16.49、水浸出物5.60。有25份为优异特异资源,其中11份研究材料的茶多酚质量分数40%,为高茶多酚资源;14份研究材料的氨基酸质量分数3.30%,为高氨基酸资源,其中2份研究材料是高茶多酚高氨基酸茶树资源,分别为JH-049和JH-059。通过本研究,可以为古茶树的种质资源保护、创新、品种选育及生产利用提供更多种质资源信息和科学依据。

Biochemical Index Analysis and Screening of Special Tea Plant Germplasms from Ancient Puer Tea Plant in Jinghong of Yunnan

For well protecting and utilizing good and special germplasms of old tea trees,50 new tea resources from 20 typical tea regions in Jinghong as materials.We took one buds and two leaves to de-enzyme and make it solid,and then measured its mass fraction of biochemical components(amino acid,tea polyphend,caffeine,water extract).Based on analysis of 4 conventional indexes,50 new resources were identified and evaluated,and well-performed accessions tea germplasms were screened out.The result showed that tea polyphend mass fraction,amino acid mass fraction,caffeine mass fraction and water extract mass fraction ranged from 29.02% to 44.02%,1.95% to 5.20%,2.37% to 5.17%,42.82% to 62.58% respectively .The coefficient of variation were 10.97,21.15,16.49 and 5.60 respectively.There were 25 well-performed resources were screened out,11 new tea materials had the character of high mass fraction of tea polyphend(>40%),and 14 new tea materials had high mass fraction of amino acid(>3.30%).2 new tea materials of these had high mass fractions of tea polyphend and high amino acid,and it reached to JH-049 and JH-059.The study will provide more genetic resources and scientific basis for germplasm resource protection,varieties and production of tea tree.