中国枣果实病害研究进展

就20世纪80年代以后,我国枣果实生长发育及采后贮藏期病害研究进展进行了综述。采前枣果有9种病害,病原菌涉及到9个属真菌和4个属细菌。贮藏期枣果有4大类病害,但病原菌隶属12个属真菌。同一种病害不仅由单一病原菌侵染所致,而且往往是多种病原菌混合侵染引起的,因而给田间和贮期综合防治造成了一定困难。最后,提出了枣果病害研究上存在的主要问题和今后的研究方向。

Advances in Research on Diseases of Chinese Jujube Fruits (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.)

The research progress in diseases of jujube fruits during development and storage in cold air are reviewed,which have been studied since 1980's in China.There have been 9 kinds of diseases,causing jujube fruits to drop and rot in the field.And their pathogens are Macrophoma kawatsukai Hara,Physalospora obtuse Schw,Physalospora obtuse(Schw.) Cooke,Fusicoccum sp.,Alternaria sp.,Alternaria tenuissima,Alternaria alternate(Fr.)Keissler,Phoma destructiva Plowr,Dothiorellu gregaria Sacc,Coniothyrium olivaceum Bon.,Colletotrichum gloeosporides Pens,Erwinia sp.,Pseudomonas sp.,Xanthomonas sp.and Eruinia jujubovra Wang Cai Feng et Gao.Meanwhile,Alternaria alternate(Fr.) Keissler,Phoma destructiva Plowr,Fusicoccum sp.,Rhizomorpha Roth.,Alternaria Ness.,Rhizopus sp.,Penicillium sp.,Mucor sp.,Aspergillus sp.,Trichoderma sp.,Botrytis sp.,Phyllosticta sp.and Bispora or Dicoccum sp.infect jujube fruits during cold storage.All these pathogens infect jujube fruits singly or jointly.So it is a bit difficult to control diseases integratedly in the field and in storage of jujube fruits. Finally,the priciple problems to be further studied are outlined.