沟垄集雨种植和氮肥对春玉米生长及产量的影响

沟垄集雨种植以其良好的集雨增产效果而被广泛应用,为探索沟垄集雨种植下合理的氮肥施用模式,以春玉米为研究对象,分别在沟垄集雨种植(P)和平作(C)下设置尿素基施(F1)、尿素基施+追施(F2)、缓释肥基施(F3)3种施肥模式,探明沟垄集雨种植和氮肥对春玉米生长及产量的影响。结果表明,沟垄集雨种植相较于平作能显著促进玉米生长和干物质积累,在3种施肥处理下沟垄集雨种植较平作增加玉米最大叶面积指数7.18%~11.39%、增加成熟期干物质积累量15.45%~20.23%。PF2、PF3处理可有效提高春玉米生育后期叶绿素含量和光合效率,PF2、PF3处理较PF1处理提高穗粒数2.35%、2.10%,百粒质量提高6.08%、7.37%,产量提高0.8%、2.09%。沟垄集雨种植技术下缓释肥基施能够有效降低施肥劳动强度,提高产量。

Effects of Ridge-Furrow with Plastic Film Mulching and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Growth and Yield of Spring Maize

Planting of ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting can effectively increase yield. In order to explore the proper planting modes of nitrogen fertilizer application under the ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting condition, spring maize was used as the research object, three kinds of fertilization modes :singleurea-basal application(F1), urea-basal application+ topdressing (F2) and single slow-release fertilizer basal application (F3) were respectively set under ridge-furrow with plastic film mulching(P) and flat planting(C) to ascertain the effect of maize growth and yield. The results showed that furrow-ridge rainwater harvesting could significantly promote the growth and biomass accumulation of maize. Under the three kinds of fertilization treatments, the furrow-ridge rainwater harvesting treatment was more suitable than flat planting in increasing maximum LAI by 7.18%-11.39%, increasing the accumulation of dry matter during maturity 15.45%-20.23%. PF2 and PF3 could effectively increase the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency at late stage of spring maize fertility. Compared with PF1,PF2 and PF3 increased the kernels per spike by 2.35% and 2.10%, the hundred kernel weight by 6.08% and 7.37% ,and the grain yield by 0.8% and 2.09% .Under planting of the ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting ,the slow-release fertilizer basal application can effectively reduce the labor intensity of fertilization and increase the yield.