Y染色体多态性与中国黄牛起源和分类研究

通过常规法、G带和C带对7个黄牛品种染色体进行系统研究所获得的资料，同时汇集了近20年来中国境内22个黄牛品种和1个大额牛种共计30个黄牛品种（其中4个外来牛品种）染色体的研究资料，分析和探讨了中国黄牛的起源、进化与分类。结果表明，中国黄牛Y染色体具有多态性，有中、亚中和近端着丝点Y染色体。中国北方黄牛多为中部和亚中部着丝点Y染色体，南方黄牛多近端丝点Y染色体，中原黄牛在品种内个体间多具有中、亚中和近端着丝点Y染色体3种类型。说明中国黄牛起源的多元性，即源于普通牛和瘤牛。在进化过程中，中国北方黄牛受普通牛的影响大，南方黄牛受瘤牛的影响大，中原黄牛同时受普通牛和瘤牛的影响，是由普通牛和瘤牛长期交汇融合形成的。根据26个黄牛品种Y染色体形态类型，绘制了中国黄牛Y染色体在中国的分布地域图。

Studies on Y Chromosome Polymorphism and the Origin and Classification of Chinese Yellow Cattle

With chromosome data of 7 cattle breeds (Bos taurus) were studied by conventional method,G-banding,C-banding and Ag-NORs techniques,chromosomes literature of 22 breeds of Chinese yellow cattle (Bos taurus) and 1 Gayal (Bos frontalis) amounting to 30 cattle breeds (including 4 foreign yellow cattle breeds) were collected in almost 20 years.The origin,evolution and cla ssification of Chinese yellow cattle were analyzed and discussed in this paper.The results showed that,the Y chromosomes Chinese yellow cattle''s are polymorphic with three types of metacentric,submetacentric and acrocentric Y chromosomes.Yellow cattle breeds in Northern China mainly have a metacentric or submetacentric Y chromosome,yellow cattle breeds in Southern China mainly ha ve an acromentric Y chromosome,there are three types of metacentric,submetacen tric and acrocentric Y chromosomes among individuals among Central China yellow cattle breeds.This phenomenon illustrated multiple origins of Chinese yellow cattle from Bos taurus and Bos indicus.In evolutional process,Northern China yellow cattle are mainly affected by Bos taurus,Southern China yellow cattle main ly affected by Bos indicus,Central China yellow cattle affected by both Bos taurus and Bos indicus.After alongterm,crossbreeding of Bos taurus and Bos indicus was formed.According to Y chromosome types of 26 yellow cattle breeds,the dis tribution map of Chinese yellow cattle''s Y chromosome types in China was charted.