苹果园不同地面覆盖的生理生态效应

对山地苹果园进行地面覆盖处理的结果表明,5月份,地面覆盖地膜和种植三叶草均能提高土壤含水量。40cm土层中,两种覆盖的土壤含水量分别较对照提高17.6%和18.8%,种植三叶草能显著提高深层土壤含水量,地膜覆盖提高了冠层光合有效辐射和气温,8:00～18:00时,光合有效辐射分别较种植三叶草和对照高37.4%和45.8%,种植三叶草提高了苹果冠层相对湿度,分别较覆膜和对照提高10%和14%。试验表明,8:00～18:00时,地面覆膜条件下,苹果净光合速率和蒸腾速率的日变化呈双峰型,最高值分别出现在10:00时和14:00时;三叶草时,净光合速率和蒸腾速率日变化呈单峰型,最大值出现在10:00时。

The Ecological and Physiological Effect of Different Ground Covering in Apple Orchard

The ground of apple orchard in Fengxian, Shaanxi were covered by membrane and Trifoliu repens. The results showed that the soil water content raised in covering conditions in May. In 40cm soil layer of the ground covered by the two kinds of measures, the water content of soil were increased by 17.6% and 18.8% than that of control test respectively. Trifoliu repens can improve the water content of deep soil notably. Photosynthetic active radiation were increased 37.4%and 45.8% than that of control test at 8:00~18:00 respectively. The relative humidity of covering Trifoliu repens was increased 10% and 14% than that of membrane and control test. The test indicated that the diurnal change of photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were two peaks under the condition of covering membrane, the supreme value appeared at 10:00 and 14:00 respectively. While those of Trifoliu repens was one peak, the maximum appeared at 10:00.