磷钾肥对棉花产量构成因素及产量的影响

为探讨磷钾肥用量对棉花产量构成因素及产量的影响,采用二因素二次饱和最优设计方法,分析铃数、铃质量、果节数、脱落率、衣分等与产量的关系。结果表明,不同磷钾肥用量下,籽棉和皮棉分别增产9.27%~17.11%和11.34%~21.70%,衣分提高0.59%~1.94%,单铃质量增加0.12~0.49g,单株铃数增加0.82~3.00,单株果节数增加1.23~6.78,脱落率降低3.97%~7.39%。磷肥效应对铃质量的影响高于钾肥效应,对其他6项指标(单株果节数、单株铃数、衣分、籽棉产量、皮棉产量、脱落率)的影响表现为钾肥效应高于磷肥效应;95%置信区内,籽棉产量≥3 450.0kg/hm2、皮棉产量≥1 335.0kg/hm~2、衣分≥38.7%、单铃质量≥3.85g、单株铃数≥16.0、单株果节数≥40.0、脱落率≤55%时的P_2O_5、K_2O用量为132.11~204.70kg/hm~2和132.11~276.78kg/hm~2,平均值为168.41和204.45kg/hm~2。

Effects of P,K Fertilizers on Cotton Yield and Yield Component Factors

Optimal design method of two factors quadratic saturation was used to study the the relation between P,K fertilizers and cotton yield, yield component factors. The result suggested that different amount of P,K fertilizer could increase ginned cotton by 9.27%-17.11%, ginned cotton 11.34%-21.70%, lint percentage 0.59%-1.94%. Furthermore, the boll mass,number of boll and fruit joint increased by 0.12-0.49 g, 0.82-3.00 and 1.23-6.78 per plant, respectively , the shedding rate decreased by 3.97%-7.39%. In this research, the effect of P fertilizer was greater than K fertilizer in boll mass, for other six factors, the K fertilizer had more affect on it. In the 95% confidence interval, 132.11-204.70 kg/hm² and 132.11-276.78 kg/hm² of P₂O₅ and K₂O was applied respectively, the average yield was about 168.41 kg/hm² and 204.45 kg/hm², respectively. The results showed that the unginned cotton mass was 3 450.0 kg/hm², the ginned cotton was 1 335.0 kg/hm², the lint percentage was 38.7%, boll mass was 3.85 g, number of boll was 16.0 per plant, the shedding rate was lower than 55%, all of these index factors were better than the control.