春性和半冬性甘蓝型油菜在春油菜区中的杂种优势研究

为了研究春油菜区生态条件下,春性和半冬性油菜亲本所组配的杂交组合之间的杂种优势差异。选用不同春化类型油菜品种(系)作为研究材料,按照不完全双列杂交Griffing(亲本+正交F1组合)设计,分析亲本及其杂交组合的表现。结果表明:不同类型亲本对F1的农艺性状影响程度不同,其中亲本对杂种F1的总角果数影响最大;在亲本春化类型的方差估算及性状遗传力分析中,含油量、单株产量、角果粒数和千粒质量在一般配合力中占的比例较大,说明受到亲本类型遗传较大;在冬春不同类型亲本的杂交组合中,含油量、单株产量和单株角果数的超亲优势平均值以春性类型的亲本和半冬性类型的亲本所测配的杂交组合为最大。因此,春性品种(系)与半冬性品种(系)组配的杂交组合比同类品种间组配的组合具有更强的杂种优势。

Study of Heterosis of Spring and Semi-winter Brassica napus L.in Spring Rape Area

In this study,using incomplete diallel cross Griffing (parent + orthogonal combination F₁) design,the heterosis of different hybrid combinations of spring rapeseed and semi-winter parents was analyzed under spring rapeseed ecological environment.The results showed that the agronomic traits of F₁ were subjected to parental genotypes to some degree,and the total number of silique of F₁ was mostly influenced by their parents.In variance estimation of parents vernalization types and the genetic analysis of traits,the proportion of oil content,seed yield per plant,seed number per silique and thousand seed weight were larger in general combining ability,which indicated that the heredity of these traits was largely affected by parents.In hybrid combinations of winter and spring parents,the hybrid combinations between spring rapeseed parent and semi-winter rapeseed parent gained the highest average value of over-parent heterosis for the traits of oil content,seed yield per plant,seed number per silique and thousand seed weight.In conclusion,hybrid combinations between spring and sime-winter varieties (lines) has higher heterosis than hybrid combinations within ecotype varieties (lines).