乌鲁木齐市生活垃圾堆肥过程养分成分变化及腐熟度评价

以乌鲁木齐市生活垃圾为原料进行高温堆肥发酵,研究了堆肥过程中各营养成分的变化情况及堆肥腐熟程度.结果表明:在乌鲁木齐市生活垃圾处理厂目前生产工艺下,氮素和碳素损失均主要发生在发酵前3 d,发酵后期氮素和碳素损失较少.因此,堆肥发酵前3 d是控制养分损失的关键时期.在堆肥过程中,速效钾含量从堆制当天的1 507 mg/kg,增加到结束的2 099 mg/kg;速效磷的含量从堆制开始的78 mg/kg,增加到结束的103 mg/kg.不同发酵时期的堆肥样品进行发芽率试验结果表明,生活垃圾在发酵过程中产生植物生长抑制物质较少.C/N比、堆温的试验结果表明生活垃圾经45 d堆制,基本达到了腐熟堆肥的要求.

The Change of Components and Maturity Evaluation during Composting of Municipal Solid Wastes from Urumqi

Using municipal solid wastes from Urumqi as compost materials,the change of nutrition components and maturity extent in the compost process was studied.The results showed that total nitrogen and total carbon element decreased mostly in the first 3 days of compost,and their loss was little in the late of compost under the current process of municipal solid wastes from Urumqi compost plant.So this period was key time to control nutrients losses.In the compost process,the content of available potassium increased from 1 507 mg/kg to 2 099 mg/kg.Available phosphorus also increased from 78 mg/kg to 103 mg/kg.The seed germinating ratio from different periods in the course of the compost showed that there were few inhibiting substances produced through the whole compost.The results of C/N ratio and compost temperature showed that the compost of municipal solid wastes showed in maturity after 45 days composting.