青海骆驼线粒体DNA D-loop区遗传多样性研究

旨在研究青海骆驼遗传多样性，揭示青海骆驼的母系起源进化。采集柴达木地区3个青海骆驼类群耳组织样品88份并提取基因组DNA,利用PCR扩增和基因测序分析线粒体DNA D-loop序列，并与蒙古、内蒙古双峰驼进行比较。结果表明：D-loop序列中共检测到96个多态位点，定义了27种单倍型。3个青海骆驼类群占有16个单倍型，而蒙古双峰驼独有7个单倍型，内蒙古双峰驼独有4个单倍型。系统发育分析显示出两个独立的分支：第一支为青海骆驼3个类群与蒙古双峰驼，且德令哈双峰驼与其他两个类群间存在明显界限；第二支为内蒙古双峰驼。青海骆驼与内蒙古双峰驼的遗传距离均较远，但与蒙古双峰驼的遗传距离较近。因此，青海骆驼母系起源更倾向于蒙古双峰驼而非内蒙古双峰驼。

Genetic Diversity of Mitochondrial DNA D-loop Region in Qinghai Camel

To evaluate the genetic diversity and maternal origin of Qinghai camel,a total of 88 ear tissue samples were collected from three distributed ecotypes of Qinghai camel.Genomic DNA extraction was performed to obtain the samples,after which the D-loop region on mitochondrial DNA was amplified and sequenced,and sequences were compared with those of Mongolian and Inner Mongolian Bactrian camels.The results showed that a total of 96 polymorphic loci were detected in D-loop sequences and 27 haplotypes were identified.There were 16 haplotypes shared by Qinghai camel.The Mongolian Bactrian camel had seven haplotypes,while the Inner Mongolian Bactrian camel had four haplotypes.Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct branches.The first branch consisted of three ecotypes of Qinghai camel and Mongolian Bactrian camel,with the Delingha Bactrian camel exhibiting a clear distinction from the other two ecotypes.The second branch was predominantly represented by Inner Mongolian Bactrian camel.The genetic distance between Qinghai camel and Inner Mongolia Bactrian camel was significantly greater than that between Qinghai camel and Mongolia Bactrian camel.In conclusion,the maternal origin of Qinghai camel is more closely related to Mongolian Bactrian camel than to the Inner Mongolian Bactrian camel.