生物炭对风沙土理化性质及玉米生长的影响

为了明确生物炭对风沙土的改良以及对玉米生长的影响,通过施用化肥、秸秆还田以及不同施入量的生物炭试验研究生物炭对风沙土理化性质及玉米植株生长和产量的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥(NPK处理)相比,秸秆还田降低风沙土的土壤体积质量,增加田间持水量、苗期的株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽以及地上、地下干质量和籽粒产量,但都没有达到显著水平。生物炭不同施用量条件下,随着生物炭施用量的增加,土壤体积质量表现为持续降低的趋势,在施用量为31 500kg/hm~2时与NPK处理相比较表现显著差异,并在最大施用量63 000kg/hm~2时达到最低值2.42g/cm3;生长指标中,苗期的叶长和穗期的株高、叶长以及叶宽都在NPK+B12处理条件下达到最大值,其余指标均在NPK+B24处理条件下达到最大值;干物质积累以及籽粒产量亦随着生物炭施用量的增加而增加,其中地上干质量及籽粒产量均在施用量为2 580kg/hm~2时达到与NPK处理相比较差异显著,地下干质量在施用量31 500kg/hm~2时与NPK处理相比较表现显著差异。与秸秆还田相比,生物炭与NPK配施更能改善风沙土的理化性质,促进玉米生长及产量增加,且生物炭的施用量越高,其效果越明显。

Effects of Biochar's Application on Physicochemical Properties of Aeolian Sandy Soil and Growth of Maize

In order to study the influence of biochar in aeolian on sandy soil improvement and maize growth,we used straw,chemical fertilizer and different intake of biochar on aeolian sandy soil to investigate the effects of biochar on soil bulk density,field water capacity and plant height,stem diameter,leaf length,leaf width of maize at different stages, and the effects on yield of corn,dry mass of overground and underground. The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilizer NPK treatment,straw reduced the sand soil bulk density,increased field capacity,plant height,stem diameter,leaf length,leaf width of seedling stage as the ear,as well as the dry mass under and over the ground,grain yield,but did not reach significant level.With different amount of biochar application,when biochar content increased,soil bulk volume mass reduced continually.Significant level appeared in the content of 31 500 kg/hm² compared with NPK treatment and reached a minimum of 2.42 g/cm with the highest content of 63 000 kg/hm².The growth index such as leaf length of seedling and plant height,length and width of leaf reached its maxmium under the condition of NPK+B12 treatment,the rest of the indexes reached under the NPK+B24 condition;dry matter accumulation and grain yield also increased with the higher biochar content,the ground dry mass and grain yield were achieved significant difference when the content of 2 580 kg/hm² compared with NPK treatment,underground stem showed significant difference when 31 500 kg/hm². Compared with straw returned to land,biochar with NPK can improve the physical and chemical properties of sand soil better,promote the maize growth and increase yield. The higher biochar is,the more obvious effect is.