马铃薯燕麦间作和施氮对马铃薯干物质累积、产量及品质的影响

基于宁南山区马铃薯连作障碍、用养地矛盾导致产量低下等问题,通过设置4个氮水平和2种种植模式的裂区试验,研究间作和施氮对马铃薯干物质累积参数、产量及品质的影响规律,为提高马铃薯产量、缓解连作障碍提供一定的理论依据和技术支撑。研究表明,单作马铃薯施氮处理较不施氮处理干物质量积累最大速率分别增加17.26%、27.41%、26.14%,间作施氮处理分别增加10.38%、33.69%、41.10%。与不施氮处理相比较,单作模式下干物质活跃积累时间随施氮量分别降低57.44%、85.09%、31.92%,干物质积累速率最大时生长量分别增加84.75%、8.41%、50.43%;间作模式下干物质活跃积累时间随施氮量分别降低7.04%、16.9%、15.50%,干物质积累速率最大时生长量分别增加18.28%、22.57%、30.96%。间作和施氮对干物质积累和产量的提升明显,其中以间作施氮150kg·hm~(-2)和225kg·hm~(-2)处理最佳。通过对产量模拟得出间作马铃薯最佳施氮量为154.08 kg·hm~(-2),理论产量可达到34 674.7 kg·hm~(-2)。与不施氮处理相比,间作下还原糖含量随施氮量的增加分别增加4.26%、2.71%、1.16%,淀粉含量分别增加0.53%、49.13%、26.85%,施氮处理间粗蛋白含量、淀粉含量、可溶性糖含量差异显著,施氮及间作交互作用下还原性糖含量差异显著;对产量和品质因素进行主成分分析,表明间作施氮处理综合值高于单作且施氮150kg·hm~(-2)处理下最高。马铃薯燕麦间作施氮在干物质累积、产量及营养品质方面均优于单作,间作马铃薯施氮量宜为150～154.08kg·hm~(-2)。

Effects of Nitrogen Application and Potato-Oats Intercropping on Dry Matter Accumulation, Yield and Quality of Potato

Based on low yield caused by potato continuous cropping obstacles and the contradiction of land use and soil improvement in mountainous area of Ningnan, four nitrogen levels of 0, 75, 150, 225 kg·hm^-2 and two planting patterns of single cropping and intercropping were conducted to study the effects of intercropping and nitrogen application on the dry matter accumulation parameters, yield and quality of potato, which provided a certain theoretical basis and technical support for improving the yield of intercropping system.The results showed that the maximum rate of dry matter accumulation with nitrogen application increased by 17.26%, 27.41% and 26.14% in single respectively, and by 10.38%, 33.69% and 41.10% respectively in intercropping, compared with non-nitrogen treatment. The days of dry matter active accumulation with nitrogen application decreased by 57.44%, 85.09% and 31.92%, and the dry matter maximum accumulation rate increased by 84.75%, 8.41% and 50.43%, however, under the intercropping mode, the days of dry matter active accumulation with decrease of nitrogen application by 7.04%, 16.9% and 15.50%, and the growth amount increased by 18.28%, 22.57% and 30.96%.Intercropping and nitrogen application with 150 kg·hm^-2 and 225 kg·hm^-2 were the best treatment, it significantly improved dry matter accumulation and yield. Based on yield simulation, the optimal nitrogen application rate for intercropped potato was 154.08 kg·hm^-2 and the theoretical yield could reach 34 674.7 kg·hm^-2 compared with (0 kg·hm^-2) sugar content of potato increased by 4.26%, 2.71% and 1.16% with the increase of nitrogen applicaiton,and the starch content increased by 0.53%, 49.13% and 26.85%, respectively. The difference in crude protein content, starch content, and soluble sugar on nitrogen treatments was significant and the reducing sugar content showed significant interaction between nitrogen application and intercropping.The principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive value of intercropping nitrogen was higher than that of single cropping and the highest under 150 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen treatment. The nitrogen application and potato-oats was better than that of single on dry matter accumulation, yield and nutritional quality and the nitrogen application of intercropping potato was prefer between 150 kg·hm^-2 and 154.08 kg·hm^-2.