西北半湿润渠灌区作物节水高效种植制度

对半湿润渠灌区农田系统中作物不同种植制度用水量、产品生产力、经济生产力以及水分利用效率的研究表明,种植系统类型和种植制度不同,水分利用效率差异明显。露地栽培的粮—粮系统用水量较高,经济用水效率最低;粮—菜系统用水量和经济用水效率居中;菜—菜系统用水量较低,经济用水效率最高。节水效果粮—菜系统达27.4%~44.2%,菜—菜系统达60.0%~62.1%。在粮—菜系统中,小麦—黄瓜种植系统的经济收入及经济用水效率最高,其次是小麦—辣椒系统,而甘蓝—玉米系统的经济收入及经济用水效率最低。在菜—菜系统中,黄瓜—黄瓜的种植制度要比青笋—番茄的节水效果好,其经济用水效率也高。为保持土地生产力可持续性及增加经济收入,应采用轮作种植制度,如黄瓜—豆角、青笋—番茄等。在粮—菜系统中,小麦—辣椒系统作业方便,效益也好。

Water-saving and Efficient Cropping System in Northwest Semi-humidity Irrigation Area

The ex periment results showed that there is significant WUE difference because different cropping system.The water-used was higher and economic WUE was lower in food-food system in field cropping condition,the water-used and economic WUE was middle in food-vegetable system,and the water-used was lower and economic WUE was higher in vegetable-vegetable system in plastic film shed greenhouse.water-saving efficient was 27.4%~44.2% in food-vegetable system,62.1%~66.3% in vegetable-vegetable system.In food-vegetable system,wheat(Triticum L.)-cucumber(Cucumis stativus L.)system got highest economic income and economic WUE,the second was wheat-pepper(Capsicum frutescens)system,the lowest economic income and economic WUE was got in cabbage(Brassica oleracea var.capitata)-corn(Maize).In vegetable-vegetable system,cucumber-cucumber system got higher water-saving efficientand economic WUE than that of lettuce(Lactuca sativa)-tomato(Lycopersicum esculentum)system,but in order to keep soil productivity sustainable and increase income,rational rotation system should be used,for example,cucumber-bean,lettuce-tomato.In food-vegetable system,wheat-pepper system was recommended to extension in large area because easy production and good economic income.