苹果根区土壤微生物分布及土壤酶活性研究

通过对渭北旱塬地区的苹果园根区土壤不同深度、不同水平距离的微生物分布与酶活性研究,并采用空间趋势面模型分析发现,土壤微生物和酶主要集中在0~40 cm土层,并随深度增加有不同幅度的减少或降低;但在水平方向上差异很大,从树基处到果树行间,细菌数量呈增加趋势,而真菌数量逐渐减少,放线菌数量先减少后增加,脲酶和蔗糖酶活性随着水平距离的增大而提高,过氧化氢酶在空间上的差异不显著,相关分析发现细菌对脲酶和蔗糖酶有显著的促进作用。连作使根基区土壤由高肥力的"细菌型"土壤向低肥力的"真菌型"转变,而果树行区土壤的这种转变较小,受前茬的影响较小。建议果树再植时可以在树行进行换穴栽培。

Study on Soil Microorganism Distribution and Enzyme Activities of Apple Root Area

This paper presents the research of soil enzymatic activity and microbe strains amount into the different plots of root area at different depths,different levels in Weibei dry plateau,the use of space trend surface model analysis showed that:soil microorganisms and enzymes mainly concentrated in the 0~40cm layer,and with the increasing in depth,the microbe strains amount was reducing and the enzyme activities was being lower in different rate;but changes in the horizontal direction was vastly different,with increasing distance from trees,showed an upward trend in the number of bacteria,and downward trend in the number of fungi,actinomycetes had a "U" type distribution in the horizontal direction.The activities of invertase and sucrose also had an upward trend,the activities of catalase didn''t show a significant difference,correlation analysis revealed that the bacteria played a significant role in the promoting the activities of invertase and sucrose.In conclasion, continuous cropping made the soil of root zone change from high fertility "bacteria" type to low fertility "fungi" type which has a smaller influence to the soil of orchard bars.Finally,give the discussion that fruit trees can be replanted in orchard bars for point cultivation.