控释肥对苹果生长发育和果实品质的影响

为了探讨苹果生长发育和果实品质对控释肥的响应机制,以苹果专用控释肥为试材,设计不同养分含量处理,研究控释肥对苹果叶片矿质元素、叶绿素、新梢生长量和果实品质的影响。结果表明,相比普通复合肥,控释肥提高叶片N、P、K、Ca和Mg的含量(分别提高4.4%、26.5%、27.2%、4.2%和6.5%),降低Zn含量(降幅为70.2%),不同处理Fe、Cu和Mn含量的变化有差异;控释肥增加新梢生长量,提高叶片叶绿素含量;果实硬度、可溶性糖含量以及维生素C含量分别提高10.4%、11.5%和73.3%,单果质量和可滴定酸降低,对果形指数影响不大;不同控释肥处理下的大部分测定指标差异明显。可见,控释肥促进苹果的生长发育和果实品质的提高。

Effects of Controlled Release Fertilizer on Apple Development and Fruit Quality

The objective of the study is to investigate the response mechanism of controlled release fertilizer(CRF) on apple fruit growth and fruit quality for the utilization of CFR on fruit. Different nutrient content treatments were designed with Red Fuji and fruit special CFR as the materials, and the effect of CRFs on the mineral elements and chlorophyll of apple leaves, new shoot length and fruit quality were analyzed. The results showed that compared with applied common compounds fertilizer, the application of CFR increased contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in leaves by 4.4%, 26.5%, 27.2%, 4.2% and 6.5% respectively, and also decreased the content of Zn in leaves by 70.2%, but the contents of Fe, Cu and Mn were different in different treatments. Application of CRFs also increased new shoot length, chlorophyll content. The fruit quality, contents of soluble sugar and vitamin C were increased by 10.4%, 11.5% and 73.3% respectively. The single fruit mass and titratable acidity were reduced by CRFs application, but there was no significant difference in fruit shape index. Most indexes of different CRF treatments were significant different. The study suggested that the application of CRFs increased the apple growth and improved the fruit quality.