杏树树上节肢动物群落结构及时间动态

为了明确杏树树上节肢动物群落的结构及时间动态,系统调查杏树树上节肢动物群落,采用物种丰富度、个体数、多样性、均匀性4个指数测定节肢动物群落和害虫、天敌亚群落的时间结构变化,分析主要害虫和天敌的发生动态,并对节肢动物群落进行相似相异性分析。结果表明:杏园节肢动物10目28科46种,害虫和天敌亚群落的物种丰富度、个体数、多样性、均匀性等指标随时间变化明显;叶芽萌动期主要害虫为大青叶蝉,展叶期主要害虫为桃蚜、山楂叶螨,7至8月杏园的节肢动物多样性和均匀性指数较高,群落结构稳定,9至10月桃蚜、大青叶蝉迁飞杏园;主要天敌为瓢虫、草岭和捕食性蜘蛛;根据群落的相似系数进行分析可知,9月和10月群落最为相似,其次为7月和8月。

The Structure and Temporal Dynamics of Arthropod Community on Apricot Trees

In order to clarify the structure and temporal dynamics of arthropod community in apricot orchards, the structure of arthropod community on apricot trees was investigated. The time structural changes of arthropod community and pest sub-community, natural enemy sub-community were measured with such four indices as species richness, number of individuals, diversity and evenness. The occurrence dynamic of major pests and natural enemies were analyzed. The similarity and dissimilarity of arthropod communities were analyzed. The results showed that the arthropod community was abundant, which including 10 order, 28 families, 46 species. The individual number and the changes of diversity and evenness indexes with time were obvious. In the period of apricot leaf germination, the main pest was Cicadella viridis. During leaf expansion, the main pest was Myzus persicae and Tetranychus viennensis zacher. From July to August, diversity and evenness indexes were higher, arthropod community structure was stable on apricot trees. In September and October, the pests of Myzus persicae and Cicadella viridis migrated to apricot trees. The main natural enemies on the apricot trees were ladybugs, lacewings and spiders as predators. Comparing of apricot growing season from April to October, the most similarity of arthropod community occurred during September and October, following happened in July and August.