秸秆还田配伍腐秆剂对小麦生长发育和肥料利用率的影响

秸秆促腐还田作为秸秆综合利用的重要方式之一而备受关注,然而田间条件下秸秆配伍腐秆剂后的作用依然存在争议。通过在淮北平原布设田间试验,比较不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(F)、化肥+秸秆(SF)和化肥+秸秆+腐秆剂(SFD)对冬小麦生长发育状况、籽粒产量和肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,与处理F相比,处理SFD小麦生长后期的群体茎蘖数、叶面积指数、地上部干重、穗粒数及其对化肥的生理效率显著增加9.5%、18.6%、13.3%、6.2%、27.1%、85.2%和41.5%(P0.05),籽粒产量亦有增加趋势(增幅为5.1%);而处理SFD与处理SF相比,除成穗数、氮肥吸收利用率和磷钾肥生理效率略有增加外,其余指标均有不同程度下降,降幅在0.3%~26.3%之间。从而可知,在淮北平原进行秸秆化肥配施还田能够有效促进当季作物的生长发育,改善氮肥的生理效率和提高产量,配伍腐秆剂不会提升秸秆化肥配施还田的促生增效能力。

Effects of returning maize straw into field on the growth and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under promoting decay condition

A field experiment was conducted at Huaibei Plain to study the effects of returning maize straw into field under promoting decay condition on the growth, development and chemical fertilizer use efficiency of winter wheat. The experiment included four treatments, i.e. no fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizer alone (F), fertilizer + maize straw (SF), and fertilizer + maize straw + decomposing microorganisms (SFD). Plant samples of winter wheat were collected at wintering, jointing, heading and maturation stages to analyze the agronomic performance and chemical fertilizer use efficiency. Results showed that comparing with treatment F, treatment SFD significantly increased the tillers (No. of spike), leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, grains per spike and NPK physiology efficiency by 9.5%, 18.6%, 13.3%, 6.2%, 27.1%, 85.2% and 41.5% (P<0.05), respectively. However, these indices decreased in the range of 0.3%-26.3%, except grains per spike, N apparent recovery efficiency, PK physiology efficiency compared to SF treatment. These findings indicated that returning straw into field could increase the growth, development and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat, but inoculating decomposing microorganisms failed to strengthen it. Therefore, more attention should be paid to selecting appropriate decomposing microorganisms for accelerating decomposition of crop straw in Huaibei Plain Region.