《夏小正》所见植物的整理与考证

《夏小正》是中国现存最早的气候物候历，书中记载了大量的植物物候信息。植物考证可以解决历代注释中植物名莫衷一是的问题，客观认知早期农业发展和植物的关系，同时有助于重建历史时期的气候变化。《夏小正》中共记录29种植物，除一种存疑外，其他隶属17科26属，其中木本植物占31%，草本植物占69%，禾本科和菊科出现的植物最多，水生植物和湿生植物占据一定的比重。蓼蓝、芸苔、韭、桃、杏、枣等植物的栽培首次见于文献，反映了该时期的农业技术已初具规模；大部分植物具有较强的实用性，主要作为早期先民的食物、香料、染料、木材以及衣物原料。

Sorting and Textual Study of Plants in Xia Xiao Zheng

Xia Xiao Zheng is the earliest climatic and phenological calendar extant in China, and a large amount of plant phenological information was recorded in the book. Sorting and textual study can solve the problem of conflicting plant names in historical notes, make people objectively understand the relationship between early agricultural development and plants, and help to reconstruct the climate change in historical periods. In the book, a total of 29 species of plants were recorded. Except for one species, all plants belong to 17 families and 26 genera, among which: woody plants account for 31%, and herbaceous plants 69%; gramineous and compositae plants are the most, and aquatic plants and hygrophytes occupy a certain proportion. It is also noted that the cultivation of indigo, winter rape, leek, peach, apricot, jujube, and other plants was recorded for the first time in literature, indicating that agricultural technique of the period had already taken an initial shape. In addition, most plants were useful for food, spices, dyes, wood and clothing.