安徽通江湖泊4种典型生境浮游植物 群落结构特征及其影响因子

为探讨安徽通江湖泊4种典型生境浮游植物群落结构及其影响因子，于2018年4月、7月、10月和2019年1月，对4种典型生境中24个采样点的浮游植物群落进行了调查分析。4种典型生境分别为自然湖泊生境（H1）、沉水植被生境（H2）、挺水植被生境（H3）和人工养鱼塘生境（H4）。在4种典型生境中共鉴定出浮游植物235种，隶属8门94属。物种数最多的生境为H1（196种），物种数量最少的生境为H4（89种）。4种生境中H1优势种以硅藻门为主，其中颗粒直链藻（Melosira granulata）优势度最高，为1.384；H2优势种主要分布在绿藻门；在H3中尖针杆藻（Synedra acus）优势度最高，为1.153；H4中蓝藻门的固氮鱼腥藻（Anabaena azotica）占优势明显。4种典型生境中浮游植物生物量H4 > H3 > H1 > H2，细胞密度H4 > H2 > H3 > H1。H1浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最大、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数的最大值均出现在H2。4种典型生境的环境条件具有空间异质性，总氮、总磷和透明度等在统计上存在显著差异，Pearson相关性分析与RDA分析结果表明，影响浮游植物群落结构的主要因子有水生植被盖度、营养盐和透明度等。

Community structure characteristics of phytoplankton and related influencing factors in four typical habitats of lakes connected to the Yangtze River, Anhui Province

In order to explore the community structure characteristics of phytoplankton and related influencing factors in four typical habitats of lakes connected to the Yangtze River, the phytoplankton community of 24 sampling points in four typical habitats was investigated and analyzed in April, July, October 2018 and January 2019. The four typical habitats were natural lake habitat (H1), submerged vegetation habitat (H2), emergent vegetation habitat (H3) and artificial fish pond habitat (H4). Of which, 235 species of phytoplankton had been identified, belonging to 8 phylum and 94 genera. There were 196 species in natural lake habitat (H1) and 89 species in artificial fish pond habitat (H4), respectively. Among the four habitats, the dominant species of natural lake habitat (H1) were diatoms, among which, the dominant degree of Melosira granulata was the highest (1.384). The dominant species in submerged vegetation habitat (H2) were mainly in chlorophyta, and Synedra acus was the highest in the emergent vegetation habitat (H3), which was 1.153, and Anabaena azotica, a cyanobacteria in artificial fish pond habitat (H4), was the dominant species. The biomass of phytoplankton in four typical habitats was H4 > H3 > H1 > H2, and the cell density was H4 > H2 > H3 > H1. The Shannon Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index and Margalef richness index of phytoplankton in H1 were higher than those in H2. The results of Pearson correlation analysis and RDA analysis showed that the main factors affecting the community structure of phytoplankton were the coverage of aquatic vegetation, nutrients and transparency.