长江流域中下游地区陆地棉品种的遗传潛势及其演变的探讨

本文研究了长江流域中下游地区三十多年来推广的二十个主要陆地棉品种的遗传潜势及其演变。结果表明:所研究的十四个农艺性状区别品种的能力大多较小,遗传变异度普遍偏低,品种遗传基础贫乏。单株生产力的提高主要是由于“库”方面的衣分和单株铃数的增加。品种的演变协调了产量与品质之间的矛盾,提高了纤维长度和强度。此外,本文还对株型和产量的关系及今后的育种目标作了探讨。

STUDIES ON GENETIC POTENTIAL AND ITS EVOLUTION OF UPLAND COTTON CULTIVARS GROWN IN THE CENTRAL AND LOWER YANGTSE VALLEY

The studies on genetic potential and its evolution of upland cotton cultivars grown in the central and lower Yangtse valley were carried out with 20 representative cultivars extended in recent 30 years. The results show that for most of the 14 characters studied, the ability of differentiating cultivars is weak, and therefore, the genetic variation coefficient is usually low and genetic background is seletively poor. The increase of ginned cotton weight per plant has been due to the increase of ginning per centage of lintcotton and the boll numbers per plant in the "Sink". The relation between yield and fiber quality has been readjusted, and fiber length and strength have been improved in the course of evolution of culcivars. The relation between plant type and yield and the object for future cotton breeding are also inrestigated in this paper.