不同土壤管理对茶园氮磷径流损失的影响

为掌握不同土壤管理对茶园氮磷径流损失的影响，为茶园管理提供基础，在千岛湖地区的茶园中分别设置了常规施肥（CF）、50%有机肥替代化肥（COF）、在CF基础上施用调理剂（CFC）、在CF基础上覆盖稻草（CFM）等 4个处理3次重复的试验，在自然降雨条件下动态监测了不同处理的径流量、径流水中氮、磷浓度并计算氮、磷流失量。结果表明，茶园地表径流量介于1 049.3～1 417.3 m³·hm^-2，稻草覆盖显著降低了茶园地表径流量的25.4%～26.0%（P < 0.05）；茶园地表氮、磷径流损失量介于1.48～2.23 kg·hm^-2，0.39～0.54 kg·hm^-2，与CF相比，COF、CFC和CFM处理的氮流失量分别减少了24.8%、11.1%和33.9%，磷流失量分别降低了26.5%、24.8%和29.8%；径流水中不同形态氮、磷浓度与地表径流量呈现极显著负相关（P < 0.01），相关系数介于﹣0.55～﹣0.75。为降低茶园氮磷面源污染流失风险，今后在茶园土壤管理中可优先推广稻草覆盖措施。

Effects of different soil management on runoff loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in tea gardens

In order to grasp the impact of different soil management on the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff in tea gardens, and provide a basis for tea garden management, four treatments were set up in the tea gardens in Qiandao Lake area, including conventional fertilization (CF), 50% organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer (COF), conditioner application (CFC) on the basis of CF, and straw mulching (CFM) on the basis of CF, three replicates in each trial. Under the condition of natural rainfall, the runoff of different treatments, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the runoff water were monitored, and the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus were calculated. The results showed that the surface runoff of tea gardens was between 1 049.3 and 1 417.3 m³·hm^-2, and straw mulching significantly reduced the surface runoff of tea gardens by 25.4% - 26.0% (P < 0.05). The losses of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface runoff ranged from 1.48 to 2.23 kg·hm^-2 and 0.39 to 0.54 kg·hm^-2, respectively. Compared with CF, the nitrogen losses of COF, CFC and CFM treatments were reduced by 24.8%, 11.1%, and 33.9%, respectively, and phosphorus loss decreased by 26.5%, 24.8% and 29.8%, respectively. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff water were significantly negatively correlated with surface runoff (P<0.01), and the correlation coefficients ranged from -0.55 to -0.75.