丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌对鸭肠道发育的影响

为研究饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌对育雏育成期高邮鸭肠道发育以及肠道组织形态、杯状细胞密度等的影响，选择1日龄体重相近的健康高邮鸭90只，随机分3组，每组3个重复，每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础全价日粮，丁酸梭菌组添加丁酸梭菌活菌3×10⁵ CFU·g^-1，枯草芽孢杆菌组添加枯草芽孢杆菌活菌5×10⁸ CFU·g^-1，试验期60 d。结果表明，高邮鸭日粮中添加丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌显著提高60日龄高邮鸭十二指肠、空肠和回肠重量（P < 0.05），显著增加空肠长度（P < 0.05）。丁酸梭菌添加组显著降低空肠和回肠的隐窝深度（P < 0.05），显著增加回肠的黏膜厚度、肌层厚度和绒毛高度（P < 0.05）。丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌添加后提高高邮鸭十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠杯状细胞密度（P < 0.05）；与对照组相比，丁酸梭菌添加组中十二指肠，空肠组织黏糖蛋白2编码基因MUC2 mRNA表达量显著提高（P < 0.05）。综上所述，高邮鸭自1日龄起日粮中添加丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌后，改善其肠道显微结构，在全价日粮随机采食的饲喂模式下，与枯草芽孢杆菌相比，丁酸梭菌对鸭肠道发育的作用更优。

Effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis on intestinal development of Gaoyou ducks

This experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis on intestinal development including intestinal histomorphology and density of goblet cell in Gaoyou ducks during the breeding period. A total of 90 healthy 1-day-old Gaoyou ducks with average body weight were randomly divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates (10 ducks per replicate). The control group was fed the basal diet, and the Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis groups were fed the basal die with live Clostridium butyricum (3×10⁵ CFU·g^-1) and Bacillus subtilis (5×10⁸ CFU·g^-1), respectively. The experiment lasted for 60 days. The results showed that dietary supplemented with Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis significantly increased the weights of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05), and the length of jejunum (P < 0.05) of Gaoyou ducks at 60 days of age. Clostridium butyricum supplementation group significantly decreased the crypt depth of jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05), and significantly increased the mucosal thickness, muscular thickness and villus height of ileum (P < 0.05). The goblet cell density of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum of Gaoyou ducks was increased by Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis supplementation (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of MUC2 gene encoding MUC2 in duodenum and jejunum in Clostridium butyricum supplemental group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, adding Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis in the diet of 1- day Gaoyou ducks could improve the intestinal microstructures, and the effects of Clostridium butyricum were better than that of Bacillus subtilis under the feeding in full diet.