钟花樱种系下16个品种的数量分类和主成分分析

钟花樱(Cerasus campanulata)花为红色,花期较早,易与其他种杂交培育出优良品种,因此近年来作为樱属(Cerasus)植物中开发利用前景较大的种系之一而受到广泛关注,然而在品种分类方面的研究工作较少.为补充钟花樱品种分类研究工作,笔者以16个国内钟花樱种系下常见的栽培品种为试材,对其花期及花器官共21个特征性状进行数量分类研究.首先对21个性状指标采用R型聚类分析和主成分分析,根据分析结果去掉相关性和累积贡献率较小的性状指标,再对16个钟花樱品种进行Q型聚类分析.R型聚类分析结果表明,花瓣长与花瓣宽、花瓣宽与花瓣指数相关,其他性状相对独立,各性状选取合理;主成分分析显示,前7个主成分累计贡献率达85.331％,保留相关性和贡献率较大的共6个性状指标进行Q型聚类分析.16个钟花樱品种按花瓣宽、花型大小、花萼长度等性状可分为二大类、三大类和五大类.花瓣宽度、花型大小和花萼长度应作为钟花樱种系品种分类的主要依据,为钟花樱常见观赏品种的梳理和选育提供了参考,拟建立国内钟花樱种系下常见栽培品种的分类体系,同时由于数量性状的不稳定性,品种分类工作需要更广泛地选择表型性状并结合现代分子技术来进行.

Numerical classification and principal component analysis of 16 Cerasus campanulata cultivars

Cerasus campanulata has red flowers, earlier florescence, easily breed with other species to produce excellent cultivars. As one of the most promising species in Cerasus, it has attracted wide attention in recent years. However, few studies had been done on the classification of C. campanulate cultivars. To fill the gap in the classification of cultivars, a quantitative classification study on 21 characters of flowers from 16 cultivars of C. campanulata was conducted. At first, R-type cluster analysis and principal component analysis were carried out on 21 characters, removing characterstic indexes which have smaller correlation and lower contribution rate, and then Q-type cluster analysis was carried out according to the analysis results. The results of R-type cluster analysis showed that the length of petals was related to the width of petals, and the width of petals was related to the petal index. According to the principal component analysis, the cumulative contribution rate of the first 7 principal components reached 85.331%, and the Q-type cluster analysis was carried out for a total of 6 characterstic indexes with high correlation and contribution rate. According to the result, the 16 C. campanulata cultivars could be divided into two, three or five clusters according to the characters of the petal width, flower size and calyx length. In general, the petal width, flower size and calyx length should be taken as the main basis for the classification of Cerasus campanulata cultivars. It provides a reference for the breeding of C. campanulata common ornamental cultivars and proposes to establish a classification system for cultivars of C. campanulata planted in China. At the same time, due to the instability of quantitative characters, the classification of C. campanulata cultivars requires