有机无机配施对夏玉米产量构成及水氮利用的影响

为探索旱作玉米化肥减量的生产和环境效应,设置不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(M0N)、单施有机肥(MN0)以及有机无机配施(MN1、MN2、MN3、MN4)7个处理,研究不同有机无机配施对夏玉米产量构成及水氮利用的影响.结果 表明:(1)相较于单施化肥和单施有机肥,有机无机配施对夏玉米穗数、穗重和杆重有显著提升作用,MN1增加效果最显著,较M0N增加率分别达3.8％、13.7％和61.0％.(2)有机无机配施可显著提升夏玉米的籽粒产量、生物产量、百粒重和成穗数.MN1的籽粒产量增加效果最显著,较MN0和M0N分别增加17.9％和14.9％,MN2对夏玉米生物产量增加最显著,增幅为62.8％.(3)有机无机配施较M0N可显著提高0～200 cm土层土壤贮水量,降低0～300 cm土层土壤硝态氮残留量.MN3对硝态氮残留量降低幅度最显著,降幅达32.5％.综上,无机有机配施可以提高旱作夏玉米的产量,同时提高土壤保水性、降低氮素淋失的环境风险.

Effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on yield component and water and nitrogen utilization of summer maize on the loess plateau

To explore the influence of chemical fertilizer reduction on the production and environmental effects of summer maize on the loess plateau, seven treatments were established, including no fertilizer (CK), the single inorganic nitrogen fertilizer (M0N), the single organic fertilizer (MN0) and the inorganic and organic fertilizer (MN1, MN2, MN3 and MN4) to investigate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on yield composition and water and nitrogen utilization of summer maize. The results showed that: (1) compared with the M0N and MN0 treatment, the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer significantly increased the spike number, spike weight and rod weight of summer maize. Under the MN1 treatment, the spike number, spike weight and rod weight of summer maize increased by 3.8%, 13.7% and 61.0%, respectively, compared with M0N treatment. (2) The seed yield, biological yield, 100-grain weight and panicle number of summer maize significantly increased by combining organic and inorganic application. The grain yield of MN1 was 17.9% and 14.9% higher than MN0 and M0N; the biological yield of summer maize was highest under the MN2 treatment, with an increasing rate of 62.8%. (3) Compared with M0N, the organic and inorganic fertilizer significantly enhanced the water storage of 0-200 cm soil layer and reduced soil nitrate nitrogen residue of 0-300 cm soil layer. The decreasing amplitude of soil nitrate nitrogen was highest under the MN3 treatment (32.5%). In conclusion, inorganic and organic fertilizer could increase the yield of summer maize in dryland, improve soil water retention, and reduce the environmental risk of nitrogen leaching.