保护地空间分布特征与影响因素分析

保护地是我国自然遗产与文化遗产的重要载体。基于保护地类型的多样性和区域地理条件与历史脉络的差异性，借助ArcGIS、SPSS软件分析，以长江中下游地区6省1市为研究区域，以自然保护区、风景名胜区、森林公园、地质公园、水利风景区、湿地公园、文物保护单位、历史文化名城及历史文化名镇名村9类国家级保护地形式为研究对象，引入最邻近点指数、地理集中指数及Kernel核密度指数分析长江中下游保护地空间分布特征，并运用主成分分析法分析影响自然与人文保护地分布的主要因素。结果表明，保护地总体趋于集聚分布，但自然保护区、森林公园、地质公园和历史文化名城的最邻近点指数R＞1，趋于均匀分布，其他类型的保护地均呈集聚分布。省域保护地地理集中指数江苏最高，江西最低；各类型保护地地理集中指数相差不大，分布较为均衡。自然保护地分布形成环太湖都市圈、南京都市圈、武汉都市圈和长沙都市圈4个高密度地区；人文保护地高密度地区集中在浙江、安徽和江苏3省。自然保护地分布受资源禀赋影响最大，而人文保护地与城市发展状况关系紧密。

Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of protected areas

Protected-area is an important carrier of Chinese natural and cultural heritage. This sduty was conducted in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River including six provinces and one city. Due to the diversities of protected types and the differences in geographical conditions and historical contexts, nine state-level forms of protected-area categories that constituted with nature reserves, scenic spots, forest parks, geological parks, water conservancy scenic, wetland park, cultural relics of protection units, historical and cultural city, historical and cultural towns/villages were included to analyze the overall distribution characteristics of the protected areas using the data analysis software ArcGIS & SPSS. The nearest neighbor index, geographic concentration index and the Kernel density were used to describe the distribution characteristics. Principal component analysis was used to summarize the factors influencing the distribution of natural and cultural protected areas .The results showed that the overall distribution of the protected areas tended to be clustered; for the nature reserve, forest park, geological park, historical and cultural city tended to be more evenly distributed with the nearest neighbor index R>1; other types of protected areas were clustered. The geographical concentration index showed little difference and the distribution was quite evenly with Jiangsu province being the highest and Jiangxi province being the lowest. The distribution of natural protected areas was formed in four high-density areas, which are Taihu, Nanjing, Wuhan and Changsha. The high-density cultural protected areas were concentrated in Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces. The distribution of natural protected areas was mainly affected by the resource endowment, while the cultural protected areas were closely related