海州常山授粉受精及杂交育种

为推进海州常山杂交育种进程，以11个地理种源为试材，采用荧光显微镜及石蜡切片法观察授粉受精过程，亦对21个种内杂交组合进行人工杂交授粉，统计座果率探究杂交亲和性。结果表明：授粉0.5 h，母本柱头上花粉未萌发；授粉1 h有少量花粉萌发；授粉2 h花粉管生长至花柱基部；授粉4 h，花粉大量萌发，花粉管伸入胚珠；授粉8 h，大量花粉管达花柱基部，胼胝质增多；花粉管伸入胚囊发生在授粉后1 d，精细胞与卵细胞、极核融合发生授粉后2 d，授粉后3 d合子开始原胚生长。杂交组合座果率分布范围0.00%～73.33%，母本座果率分布为0.00%～52.94%，父本座果率在0.00%～46.08%，通过正反交可提高座果率0.00%～363.00%。

Pollination, fertilization and cross breeding of Clerodendrum trichotomum

Using the method of fluorescent microscope and paraffin section, this study was conducted on pollen tube growth and double fertilization process in Clerodendrum trichotomum for speeding up process of Clerodendrum trichotomum cross-breading. In addition, 11 geographic provenances of Clerodendrum trichotomum were also used as parents in 21 reciprocal cross combinations, and cross compatibility among these geographic provenances were discussed according to fruits-set rate. The results indicated that there were no pollen grains germinated at 0.5 h after pollination. At 1 h, a small amount of pollens germinated. At 2 h, many pollen tubes had grown to the base of style. At 4 h, a high number of pollens germinated, pollen tubes entered to ovules. At 8 h, a great deal of pollen tubes had grown to style base, but there were some callose accumulation in tubes. Pollen tubes entered embryo sacs mainly occurred at 1 day after pollination, while double fertilization occurred at 2 days after pollinating. Zygote started to the stage of pro-embryo growth after pollination 3 days. The fruits-set rate of cross combinations ranged from 0.00%-73.33%. Female parents fruits-set rate accounted 0.00%-52.94%, while male parents fruits-set rate accounted 0.00%-46.08%. The fruits-set rate could reach 0.00%-363.00%, when Clerodendrum trichotomum parents were used in reciprocal cross combinations.