枫杨种源苗期生长状地理变异及遗传参数估算

用枫杨全分布区内收集的53个种源在安徽铜陵进行苗期试验。枫杨种子千粒重及室内发芽率均存在明显的地理种源差异。参试种源苗期生长差异十分明显，最优种源比最劣种源的苗高、地径和生物量分别高出184％、127％和74％。枫杨苗期生长与生物量性状间的表型及遗传相关密切，种子千粒重与发芽率的广义遗传力为0．97－0．99，受强度遗传控制，生物量及生长性状的广义遗传力为0．57－0．72，受中等强度遗传控制。种了千粒重主要表现为东西经向变异，而苗期地径生长与总生物量则表现明显的南北纬向变异趋势，因此，分布区东种源的种子一般较重，而分布区南部种源的地径生长及总生物量一般优于北部分布区的种源。枫杨的生长变异还受到水系、气候区等因素的强烈影响，它在长江流域、漓江－湘江－洞庭湖水系、西部地区、沿海地区、长江以南及长江以北地区等表现出不同的变异模式。根据苗高、地径及总生物量等主要性状，构建综合选择指数函数I＝0．2891X1（总干重）＋0．0058X2（苗高）－0．03136X3（地径），并评选出江西南部的吉安、陕西中部的汉中、江西西北部的武宁、四川东部的达且以和湖南洞庭湖的益阳等5个种源为苗期生长优良种源。

Geographic Variations and Estimate of Genetic Parameters for Seed and Growth Traits in Chinese Wing-nut Tree (Pterocarya stenoptera) Provenance at Seedling Stage

The Chinese wing nut tree provenance trial containing 53 seedlots collected from its full distribution zone was conducted in Tongling,Anhui province.The tested provenances significantly differed in weight per 1000 seed's,laboratory seed germination and growth traits at seedling stage.The best provenance was greater than the worst by 184% for height, 127% for ground diameter and 74% for dry biomass,respectively.It was found that there were close phenotype and genetic relationship between growth and biomass traits at seedling stage,and seed weight and germination were highly explained by genetic effects with the broad sense heritability from 0 97 to 0 99, however, seedling growth and biomass were influenced mainly by genetic effects with the broad sense heritability from 0 57 to 0 72.The results showed the apparent longitude pattern for weight per 1000 seeds,and latitude pattern for ground diameter and dry biomass between seedlots,which meant that eastern seedlots for seed weight were greater than western seedlots,and southern seedlots could be better than northern ones for diameter at ground level and dry biomass.The provenance variations could be highly influenced by some factors,such as water systems and climate zone.As a result,the different geographic variation patterns existed in the Yangtze River valley,Li River-Xiang River-Dongtinghu Lake water system,Western region,Coastal region,Southern Yangtze River Region and Northern Yangtze River.The combined selection index was constructed as the equation below:I=0 2891X 1(dry biomass)+0 0058X 2(seedling height)-0 03136X 3(ground diameter),and thus 5 superior provenances e.g.Ji'an in southern Jiangxi,Hanzhong in central Shaanxi, Wuning in northeastern Jiangxi, Daxian in the central Sichuan,as well asYiyang in Dongtinghu Lake of Hunan,were screened out based on the index.