秋季桑园喷水对保幼激素类农药影响家蚕原种繁育的效果

保幼激素类农药会造成家蚕(Bombyx mori)慢性中毒,使蚕种繁育蒙受经济损失。为了解桑园喷水能否降低保幼激素类农药对原种繁育的影响。从原原种出库开始至上蔟结束,每天下午对桑树喷水30 min,以喷湿全株、桑叶全部向下滴水为宜。收蚁后,采摘喷水桑叶饲喂的12个品系的原原种,调查饲喂喷水桑叶对家蚕体重、龄期经过、结茧率、交配率与产卵等重要性状的影响。结果表明:饲喂经喷水处理的桑叶,对12个品系的家蚕原原种龄期发育经过、健蛹率、茧质、交配率、卵质成绩产生了不同程度的影响,其中,对卵质成绩和健蛹率成绩影响较显著。对12个品系原原种的影响程度为:云夏4A>云夏4B>云抗1号中A>云抗1号中B>云抗1号日B>皓月A>云夏3B>皓月B>云抗1号日A>云夏3A>菁松B>菁松A。因此,在有保幼激素类农药污染的蚕区繁育原种,选择雨水较多的夏季繁育,秋季桑园采取喷水可以降低保幼激素类农药对原种繁育的风险,提高原种繁育系数。

Effect of spraying water to mulberry in autumn on breeding of Bombyx mori original species by juvenile hormone pesticide pollution

Juvenile hormone pesticides can cause chronic poisoning of silkworm (Bombyx mori), causing great economic losses to producing eggs of silkworm. To know whether spraying water in mulberry orchard can reduce the effect of juvenile hormone pesticide on the producing parent eggs of silkworm, mulberry tree was sprayed with water for 30 minutes every afternoon at the degree that the whole plant was wet and all the leaves were dripping water, from the beginning of the grandparent silkworm of F₁ hybrid out of the warehouse to the end of cocooning. The 12 strains of grandparent silkworm of F₁ hybrid were raised by mulberry leaves picked after spraying water treatment at the beginning of silkworm rearing, and the effects of mulberry leaves fed with water spraying on the body weight, instar course, cocoon formation rate, mating rate and oviposition of Bombyx mori were investigated. Test results indicated that after feeding the mulberry leaves treated with water spraying, the development process, healthy pupa rate, cocoon quality, mating rate and egg quality of the 12 strains of grandparent silkworm of F₁ hybrid were affected to different degrees, and the egg quality score and healthy pupa rate were affected obviously. The degree of influence was as follows: Yunxia 4A>Yunxia 4B>Yunkang 1 ZhongA>Yunkang 1 ZhongB>Yunkang 1 Ri B>Haoyue A>Yunxia 3B>Haoyue B>Yunkang 1 Ri A>Yunxia 3A>Jingsong B>Jingsong A. Therefore, in silkworm areas contaminated by juvenile hormone pesticides, producing parent eggs of silkworm in summer with more rain and in autumn with water spraying could reduce the breeding risk of juvenile hormone pesticides and improve the breeding coefficient.