宽柄芥种质资源农艺性状与营养品质性状鉴定与评价

为充分挖掘优异宽柄芥种质资源,以收集的20份宽柄芥种质资源为试材,对其农艺性状与营养品质性状进行鉴定,并采用主成分分析和聚类分析方法对其进行综合评价。结果表明:各农艺性状与营养品质性状在不同资源中均有一定差异,农艺性状的变异系数介于8.57%~35.89%,营养品质性状的变异系数介于7.91%~26.92%,农艺性状中以柄肋厚和柄肋鲜重的变异系数最大,营养品质性状中以游离氨基酸和总黄酮含量的变异系数最大,表明这些性状在不同资源中具有较大差异,改良潜力较大。相关性分析结果发现,各性状间存在不同程度关联,除可溶性糖含量外,每个性状至少与其他1个性状呈显著相关关系。主成分分析将17个性状聚为6个主成分,累积贡献率达87.193%。根据各材料综合得分,筛选出综合表现最佳的种质资源为包包青菜No.1,其次是花叶青菜和特选宽叶青。聚类分析将20份材料分为5个类群,第Ⅰ和第Ⅳ类群的资源在大部分农艺性状上表现优良,具有培育高产品种的潜力;第Ⅱ和第Ⅲ类群的资源在某些营养品质性状上表现优良,适合在以高营养品质为主的育种方向上加以利用;第Ⅴ类群的资源则表现较差,利用潜力不大。

Identification and evaluation of agronomic traits and nutritional quality traits in wide handle mustard germplam resources

To fully dig excellent wide handle mustard resources, twenty wide handle mustard germplasm resources were used as the materials to identify their agronomic traits and nutritional quality traits, and the comprehensive evaluation of them were conducted by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that all the agronomic and nutritional quality traits exhibited certain differences in different resources. Variation coefficients of agronomic traits ranged from 8.57% to 35.89%, and that of nutritional quality traits ranged from 7.91% to 26.92%. Among the agronomic traits, variation coefficients of thickness of petiole and midrib (PMT) and fresh weight of petiole and midrib (PMFW) were the highest, and among the nutritional quality traits, that of free amino acid and total flavonoid were the highest, indicating that these traits had great difference in different resources and were with great potential to be improved. Correlation analysis showed that there was different degree of relevance between each trait. Except soluble sugar content, every trait was significantly correlated with at least one another trait. By principal component analysis, all the 17 traits could be gathered into 6 principal components which could explain 87.193% of the phenotypic variation. According to the comprehensive score of each material, Baobaoqingcai No.1 was showed as the best germplasm resource, followed by Huayeqingcai and Texuankuanyeqing. Based on cluster analysis, all the twenty materials could be classified into 5 groups. Resources in the first and the fourth groups performed well in most of the agronomic traits, exhibiting the potential to breed high-yield varieties, and resources in the second and third groups performed well in some nutritional quality traits, which could be used in the breeding direction of high nutritional quality varieties, while resources in the fifth group performed the worst and showed low utilized prospect.