导苗管式三七种苗栽植机构参数优化试验

为实现三七种苗的定向移栽,设计了一种导苗管式三七种苗栽植机构,对导苗管式三七种苗栽植机构作业时的定向过程、导苗过程机理进行了分析,确定了影响种苗栽植的主要因素;采用EDEM软件进行了定向过程的单因素仿真试验,根据仿真试验结果搭建了定向台架,进行了定向机构定向性能的正交试验,确定了定向机构优化后的工作参数组合。选取机组前进速度、定向盘转速和导苗管倾斜角度为试验因素,进行三因素五水平正交旋转中心组合试验,建立了株距合格率和重栽率的数学模型,分析了各试验因素及其交互作用对株距合格率和重栽率的影响规律,优化了参数组合,结果表明:当导苗管倾斜角度的水平固定为74.32°,机组前进速度为0.95~1.11 km·h^-1,定向盘转速为24.32~27.57 r·min^-1,此时栽植机构的株距合格率大于90%,重栽率小于5%。为验证优化结果的可靠性,进行了栽植机构台架性能的验证性试验,设置机组前进速度1 km·h^-1,定向盘转速25 r·min^-1,导苗管倾斜角度为75°,此时株距合格率为90.6%,重栽率为4.2%,试验结果符合国家作业标准,满足三七种苗移栽的农艺要求。

Parameter optimization experiment of seedling guiding tube transplanting machine of Panax notoginseng seedling

In order to realize the directional transplanting of Panax notoginseng seedlings, a seedling guiding tube transplanting machine of P. notoginseng seedlings was designed. The directional process and the mechanism of the seedling guiding process during the operation of the seedling guiding tube transplanting machine of P. notoginseng seedlings were analyzed, and the main factors affecting the planting of seedlings were determined. The single-factor simulation test of the directional process was carried out by using EDEM software, the directional platform was built according to the simulation test results, the orthogonal test of the directional performance of the directional mechanism was carried out, and the better parameter working combination of the directional mechanism was determined. The operating speed of the unit, the rotation speed of the directional plate and the inclination angle of the seedling guide tube were selected as the experimental factors, the orthogonal rotation combined test with three factors and five level was carried out and a mathematical model of the qualified rate of planting spacing and replanting rate were established, and the influence of the interaction of various experimental factors on the qualified rate of plant spacing and replanting rate was analyzed. The optimal combination of parameters of the transplanting machine obtained by response surface method of central composite. The results showed that when the inclination angle of the seedling guide tube was fixed at 74.32°, the bench forward speed of the unit was 0.95-1.11 km·h^-1, the rotation speed of the directional plate was 24.32-27.57 r·min^-1, the qualified rate of the plant spacing was more than 90%, and the replanting rate was less than 5%. In order to verify the reliability of the optimization results, the verification test of the performance of the transplanting machine was carried out, the bench forward speed of the unit was 1 km·h^-1, the rotation speed of the directional plate was 25 r·min^-1, and the inclination angle of the seedling guide tube was 75°. At this time, the qualified rate of plant spacing was 90.6%, the replanting rate was 4.2%. The results were in accordance with the national standard, meeting the agronomic requirements of P. notoginseng seedling transplanting.