水稻-红鳌螯虾共作对稻田土壤养分、碳库与稻米品质的影响

近几年来,稻虾综合种养模式快速发展。红鳌螯虾作为名贵的淡水经济虾类,发展前景广阔。研究水稻-红鳌螯虾共作模式对稻田土壤养分、碳库,以及稻米品质的影响,对今后合理调控稻虾共作系统养分循环和平衡,优化施肥管理具有重要的意义。通过大田试验,设置水稻单作和水稻-红鳌螯虾共作2种模式,研究2种模式对稻田土壤养分、碳库动态变化,以及稻米品质的影响。结果表明:与水稻单种模式相比,在水稻整个生育期内,水稻-红鳌螯虾共作模式土壤氨态氮和速效磷平均含量分别显著(P<0.05)增加了24.16%和48.10%;土壤的硝态氮、速效钾、易氧化有机碳、可溶性有机碳和微生物量碳含量分别降低了1.00%、16.40%、3.93%、16.59%和52.80%。稻米产量和品质方面,水稻-红鳌螯虾共作模式的水稻实际产量有所降低,但是可以降低稻米垩白度,稻米品质整体优于水稻单作模式。综上所述,水稻-红鳌螯虾共作模式可以增加稻田土壤氨态氮和速效磷含量,降低稻田活性碳库含量,降低稻米垩白度,提高稻米品质。

Effects of integrated rice-redclaw crayfish farming system on soil nutrients,carbon pool and rice quality

The integrated rice-shrimp farming systems has been greatly developed in recent years. Redclaw crayfish, a type of valuable freshwater economic shrimps, has a broad development prospect. The study of soil nutrients, carbon pool and rice quality in the integrated rice-redclaw crayfish farming system is of great significance for fertilization management and regulation of the soil nutrient cycling and balancing. In this study, the field experiment was conducted to study the dynamic changes of soil nutrients and carbon pool and rice quality under the integrated rice-redclaw crayfish farming system and rice monoculture pattern. Results showed that the contents of soil ammonia nitrogen and soil available phosphorus significantly (P<0.05) increased by 24.16% and 48.10% under integrated rice-redclaw crayfish farming system during the whole growth period. The contents of soil nitrate nitrogen, available potassium, easy oxidation of organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon and microbial organic carbon was reduced by 1.00%, 16.40%, 3.93%, 16.59% and 52.80%, respectively, compared with the rice monoculture pattern. In terms of rice yield and quality, the rice-redclaw crayfish farming system could reduce yield, but the chalkiness of rice could be reduced, and the rice quality was better than that of rice monoculture pattern. In conclusion, under the experimental conditions, the integrated rice-redclaw crayfish farming system could increase soil ammonia nitrogen and available phosphorus content, reduce the content of active carbon pool in the rice field. Besides, the integrated rice-redclaw crayfish farming system could reduce the chalkiness of rice and improve the rice quality.