连阴雨寡日照对大棚草莓小气候、产量和品质的影响

为分析冬春季连阴雨寡日照对大棚草莓产量和品质的定量化影响,探究其影响规律,促进草莓生产减灾增收,实验筛选3个连阴雨寡日照天气发生较重的典型受灾年份,将未发生该灾害的相近年份同时段作为对照,对比分析草莓棚内气象要素、果实产量和品质相关指标,根据上述年度数据差异进一步分析了受灾最重年份逐月果实产量品质指标,以探究连阴雨寡日照天气对大棚草莓果实生长、果实产量、品质等相关指标的影响。结果显示,连阴雨寡日照年份与对照年份的棚内各小气候要素差异较明显,与对照年份相比,发生连阴雨寡日照时段的日均温平均偏低2.5 ℃,相对湿度平均偏高13.5%,太阳辐射平均偏低61.4%;连阴雨寡日照年份较对照年份年产量平均减产11.6%,连阴雨导致果实生长迟滞,果实横纵径均较对照年份偏小,果实畸形和病害影响加重,畸、烂果明显比正常年份偏多;连阴雨寡日照年份逐月产量受影响较重,且有滞后发灾特点,该灾害发生时段对可溶性固形物抑制作用较明显,当灾害结束、天气转好后,该指标能在较短时间内反弹。本研究可为下一步开展大棚草莓连阴雨寡日照灾害防御技术研究奠定基础。

Effects of continuous rain and sunless weather on microclimate,strawberry growth and quality in greenhouse

In order to explore the quantitative impact of continuous rain and sunless weather on yield and quality of strawberry in greenhouses in winter and spring, find out the regularity of its occurrence, and promote the production of strawberry, decrease the disasters and increase income, in this experiment, three disaster stricken years with severe continuous rain and sunless weather were selected, and the same period of the adjacent year without continuous rain and sunless weather was chosen as a control to compare and analyze the meteorological elements, yield and quality related indicators of the greenhouse strawberry. According to the difference of the above annual data, monthly fruit yield and quality indices in the worst hit years were further analyzed, in order to discover how the growth, yield, quality and other related indicators of strawberry were affected. The results showed that microclimate elements in the greenhouse were significantly different between typical continuous rain and sunless weather year and control year. The average daily temperature during the continuous rain and sunless weather period was 2.5 ℃ lower than the control year, the relative humidity was 13.5% higher, and the average solar radiation was 61.4% lower; The average annual yield of the disaster year was 11.6% lower than that of the control year. Continuous rain had caused retardation in fruit growth, at the same time, fruit diameter and length were smaller, and influence of fruit deformity and disease increased, deformed and rotten fruit increased significantly, The monthly output of disaster period in typical years was seriously affected and it had delayed disaster characteristics; Effect of continuous rain on soluble solids was more obviously, when the weather conditions had improved after the disaster, the indicator could recover in a relatively short period. This study could provide solid foundation for the next research on the prevention technology of continuous rain and sunless weather disasters about the greenhouse strawberry.