绿肥鼠茅自然群落物种多样性及其与环境因子间的关系

为研究绿肥植物鼠茅(Vulpia myuros)自然群落特征与物种组成,对浙江14个野生鼠茅研究样区的生境进行调查,并利用方差分析、相关分析、曲线估计等方法,分析了群落物种组成、群落多样性指数和鼠茅盖度与地理气候因子和土壤因子的关系。结果表明:鼠茅自然群落中共有植物49种,分属29科,常见的伴生种有禾本科假俭草、菊科一年蓬和一枝黄花、豆科鸡眼草。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、Pielou多样性指数、物种丰富度在14个研究样区中差异显著。多样性指数、鼠茅盖度和重要值与地理气候因子间均没有显著相关性。多样性指数与多个土壤因子间存在显著的相关性,其中影响较大的为土壤温度、土壤盐度和土壤有机质含量,曲线估计拟合呈现倒数模型、二次曲线模型和线性模型。鼠茅在群落中的盖度与土壤中速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量呈显著正相关。调查研究阐明了鼠茅的自然群落组成及其维持群落生态平衡中可能存在的问题,为进一步推广绿肥鼠茅应用奠定了一定的基础。

Natural community species diversity of green manure Vulpia myuros and its correlation with environment factors

To explore the natural community characteristics and species composition of the green manure plant Vulpia myuros, the habitats of 14 wild V. myuros sample plots in Zhejiang provenance were investigated. Analysis variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis and curve estimation were used to analyze the species composition, and the relationship between diversity index or herbage coverage and geographical climatic factors or soil factors. The results showed that there were 49 species of plants belonging to 29 families in the natural community. The major associated species were Eremochloa ophiuroides, Solidago decurrens, Erigeron annuus and Kummerowia striata. There were significant differences in the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index, Pielou diversity index and species richness in 14 natural sample plots. There was no significant correlation between diversity index, herbage coverage and species important value of V. myuros with geographical climate factors. There were significant correlations between diversity index with many soil factors, among which the most influential factors were soil temperature, soil salinity and soil organic matter content. The result of curve fitting suggested several models, including reciprocal model, quadratic curve model and linear model. There was a significant positive correlation between herbage coverage and content of available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter in the soil. This research had clarified some problems of the community composition and community ecological equilibrium of V. myuros. Thus, it might provide the foundation of popularization of V. myuros as a green manure plant.