徐淮地区避雨栽培对早熟砂梨果实糖积累和营养生长的影响

为探索避雨栽培对早熟砂梨果实糖积累和营养生长的影响,以早熟砂梨苏翠1号和翠冠为试材,采用高效液相色谱比较分析果实生长发育期避雨栽培与露地栽培果实糖含量的变化,以及新梢长度、新梢粗度、叶鲜质量、叶干质量和叶片含水量等营养生理变化。结果表明:(1)避雨栽培环境光照强度较露地栽培低,2种栽培模式光照强度日平均变化趋势基本一致,避雨设施营造的栽培环境对果实品质的形成有影响,果实生长发育期果糖与葡萄糖含量较高,进入后期蔗糖积累量上升,葡萄糖含量有所下降,进入后期果糖和蔗糖积累占比较高,避雨栽培下苏翠1号和翠冠果实可溶性糖含量的积累量较露地栽培高21.73%、17.97%。(2) 2个早熟梨品种果实有机酸含量避雨栽培较露地栽培低,主要对苹果酸、柠檬酸、奎宁酸含量的影响较大,其中苏翠1号和翠冠果实苹果酸含量避雨栽培较露地栽培分别低35.08%、21.05%,避雨栽培对莽草酸含量影响不明显。(3)避雨栽培对早熟梨新梢长度、粗度和叶干质量无显著影响(P>0.05),对叶鲜质量和叶片含水量影响较大,苏翠1号和翠冠叶鲜质量避雨栽培较露地栽培分别低8.22%、10.15%,2个品种叶片含水量避雨栽培均显著(P<0.05)低于露地栽培。

Effects of rain-sheltered cultivation on sugar accumulation and nutritional growth of early-maturing sand pear fruit in Xuhuai area

In order to study the effect of rain-sheltered cultivation on sugar accumulation and vegetative growth of early-maturing pear fruits, the changes of sugar content, shoot length, shoot diameter and leaf fresh weight , leaf dry weight and leaf water content of early-maturing pear Sucui 1 and Cuiguan fruits in rain-sheltered cultivation and open-field cultivation were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that: (1) The light intensity of rain-sheltered cultivation environment was lower than that of open-field cultivation, and the diurnal average variation trends of light intensity of two cultivation modes were basically the same. The cultivation environment constructed by rain-sheltered facilities had an effect on the formation of fruit quality. Fructose and glucose contents were higher during the fruit growth and development period, and sucrose accumulation increased in the later period. The accumulations of fructose and sucrose were the highest in the late stage. The accumulation of soluble sugar in fruit was 21.73% and 17.97% higher in sheltered cultivation than in open field cultivation. (2) The contents of organic acid in the fruits of two early-maturing pear cultivars under rain-sheltered cultivation were lower than those of open-field cultivation, and the contents of malic acid, citric acid and quininic acid were mainly affected. The contents of malic acid in Sucui 1 and Cuiguan fruits were 35.08% and 21.05% lower than those of open-field cultivation, respectively, but the content of shikimic acid was not affected obviously. (3) Rain-sheltered cultivation had no significant (P>0.05) effect on shoot length, diameter and leaf dry weight of early-maturing pear, but had great effect on leaf fresh weight and leaf water content. Leaf fresh weight of Sucui 1 and Cuiguan under rain-sheltered cultivation were 8.22% and 10.15% lower than those of open field cultivation, respectively. Leaf water content of Sucui 1 and Cuiguan with rain shelter cultivation were both significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of open field cultivation.